Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

1. Nationalism in Indiaand Southwest Asia By: Lindsay Lee & Michelle Lim

2. Nationalism after WWI • Nationalist activity began in India, Turkey, and some of the Southwest Asian countries

3. Indian Nationalism Grows • Indians applies European views of nationalism and democracy • India Indian National Congress 1885 Muslim League 1906 -Even though Hindus and Muslim were divided, they had the same goal: Independence

4. Nationalist Activity • India wanted self-government • Joined the British army • thought they would gain more rights in government But NO, still treated poorly • Angered Indians acted violently • British Governments formed • “Rowlatt Act” : protesters in prison without trial. • Educated Indians denied this law, rebelled

5. Amritsar Massacre • Hindus and Muslim gather in Amritsar • angered British • British government forbid public meetings. • British commander told the army to kill them-> 400 died. 1200 wounded • Angered India • Loyal Indians revolutionaries and nationalists

6. Mohandas K. Gandhi • Gandhi: Leader of Independence movement • Politically acted with his religious ideas • Called Mahatma = “GREAT SOUL” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC-thcJDozQ

7. Civil Disobedience • Stated principle of satyagraha= “truth-force,”“civil disobedience” • Disobeying unfair laws • Gandhi required “No Violence” • Purpose: weaken British government and economy • Don’t do things that will help British. • Boycott of British cloth • Dropped British cloth sales

8. Salt March • Indians could only buy salt from British government • walked 240 miles to the seacoast • > “Salt March” • Made their own salt • Tried to shut down British salt works, but failed and were attacked by the Police • Gandhi and 60,000 people were arrested

9. India Self-Rule • Indians gain political power • Government of India Act: providing self-government • Helped move closer to full independence • Muslims & Hindus fought for more power • Hindus # > Muslims #

10. Nationalism Spreads to S.W. Asia • At the same time, Southwest Asian countries wanted independence • Each country had separate path • Nationalism grew • Ottoman Empire fell • Western countries had interest in SW Asia

11. Turkey • Turkey: only part of Ottoman Empire left • Mustafa Kemal (president of Republic of Turkey) • Modernized the nation: • Separated laws of Islam & laws of the nation • Gave women more rights/freedom-vote, public office

12. Turkey IN and OUT of Ottoman Empire

13. Persia (Iran) • Before WWI: Great Britain & Russia =sphere of influence • British wanted all of Persia= irritated Persian nationalists • Persians wanted freedom • Pahlavi (new leader) modernized Persia • But kept all power • Changed Persia->Iran 1935~ Before 1935 Persia Iran

14. Saudi Arabia • Held firmly to Islamic law (unlike Turkey) • Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud wanted to unify Arabia • Formed new kingdom: Saudi Arabia • Continued Arab & Islamic traditions

15. Oil and Economic Development • Nationalism grows in Southwast Asia • Industrialized countries needed petroleum products oil interest in Southwest Asia • Huge oil countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait • Persian Gulf: 2/3 of world’s oil • Westerners try to get those oil regions