Presentation Transcript

1. Early National through Era of Good Feeling

   Unit 3
2. Industrialism during Jefferson Immigrants arrive with advanced technology 1790– first modern factory –Rhode Island Eli Whitney –interchangeable parts cotton gin Transformed life in the south Slavery will regain importance Why???????
3. Jefferson as President Mad Why Adams appointment of federalists What happens??? Jefferson refuses to recognize them Removes one, pressures other to retire Pardons all convicted under alien sedition act Persuades congress to readthe laws
4. Jefferson as President Abolished all internal taxes Custom duties and sale of western lands Gallatin Sec Treasury Cuts national debt in half
5. Jefferson's first challenge Barbary Pirates Most nations appeased them Jefferson will stand and say no Take down American flag= symbol of war 1805 end American payments Pay ransom for American hostages
6. Jefferson’s Second Challenge Conflict with court Midnight appointments eliminated 1803 Marbury v Madison Judicial review – Marbury sues Madison (sec. of state) for refusing to certify his appointment ---(one of adam’s midnight appointment) Marshall –Federalist and Supreme Court chief Marbury did have right –could not be enforced Why Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional Jefferson won and Supreme Court won the role of reviewing constitutionality of Congressional acts
7. Jefferson’s Glory Louisiana Purchase James Monroe =France 2 million How will he do it ???????? Presidential Power to negotiate treaties Which article is this in???????/ Quids – republicans --- oppose Jefferson
8. Election of 1804 Aaron Burr –gov. NY Hamilton campaigned against him Duel Burr kills Hamilton Jefferson wins
9. Dealing with the Brits, AGAIN Brits and French fighting We were in the middle War of 1812 --- Brits and French block each other trade route Impressments --- Brits attack US ship in US waters No choice –boycott Embargo Act 1807– shuts down import and export business Force act--- gives government right to enforce Lead to manufacturing in New England Will be repealed as Jefferson leaves ---Non-intercourse Act Reopens trade with everyone except --- Brits and France Response?????
10. Still dealing with them………… Madison –President Still in conflict France promises ---- Brits attack more War 1812 War Hawks ---John C Calhoun and Henry Clay – New territories in South and West
11. Good things to know about War of 1812 Natives are with Brits Why Tecumseh unified tribes Killed fall a part Positive ---spurred American manufacturing Treat of Ghent ends war ---minor territorial concessions Federalists –oppose war Why Disrupted trade Hartford Convention -Federalists –loose national party
12. Battling the Brits We are loosing New England so extreme cheer for Brits Federalist dream separate nation Talk of secession Hartford Convention Reasserts the right of nullification And proposed 7 amendments Designed to protect New England
13. Madison American System –Nationalist Program Worked to promote national growth Federal power extended cautiously Protective tariffs on imports—cotton cloth Improved interstate roads Re chartering of National Bank
14. Expansion Need for internal improvements Westward Increased population Ag lands gone Plantation system and slave labor limited new settlers Henry Clay –speaker of the house Aggressive –Henry Clay’s American System
15. Era of Good Feeling Nationalism = expansion of economy, growth of white settlement , creation of new states Era of Good Feeling= one political party Federal government power increases John Marshall’s – McCulloch v Maryland States can not tax national bank National law over state law
16. Era of Good Feeling 1819– Panic of 1819– economy in turmoil Why Shows us lack basic institutions Introduces --- Banking, Currency, Protection
17. Economic Development Fix the money! --- 1811 National Bank Charter expired Small banks = issues notes without back them How do we fix it???? Second National Bank Charter Could not forbid states to issue currency Compelled them to back notes
18. Economic Development Growth of manufacturing American textile industry 1807 to 1815 cotton spindles grows 15 fold Protective Tariff--- End of war ---new industries panic Need time Limit competition from abroad –cotton cloth
19. Transportation Access to raw materials National Road –government funded Where’s the $ coming from Ohio land sales Steam boats ---Mississippi River--- Stimulates Ag WHY Madison “great importance of establishing throughout our country the roads and canals which can be best executed under national authority” Wants a Constitutional amendment –does not get it and vetoes bill
20. Expanding Population growth –immigration Most still farmers East occupied War of 1812 diminished Native Americans The Factor System--- govt gave goods at cost to Native Americans Made them easy to control
21. John Quincy Adams Sectary of State Treaties fix borders Fla from Spain – Adams-Onis Treaty America has authority over Western Hemisphere— Monroe Doctrine –mutual non interference Europe stays out of West –we stay out of Europe
22. The Panic 1819 High demand for farm goods High prices farmers Why Napoleonic wars messed Europe up Boom in western U.S for land Easy credit to settlers (govt funded) 1819—credit tightens –loans called in foreclosing
23. Controversy Tallmadge amendment Missouri statehood Prohibited slavery and gradual emancipation 11 free 11 slave –upsets balance Maine and Missouri Henry Clay –no Missouri no Maine Compromise— what did it say
24. Marshall Court Strengthened the judicial branch Increased power of federal government Advanced issue of commerce Fletcher v Peck –1810 land grants could not be repealed McCulloch v Maryland –implied powers Could U.S charter a bank Could individual states ban it Gibbons v Ogden –regulate interstate commerce
25. 1824 Corrupt Bargain --- 12th amendment states ---- 3 candidates largest electoral votes Jackson received more popular votes than electoral Adams –84, Crawford 41, Clay 37 Adams –chosen with Clay’s endorsement Clay Sec of State This was way to become President Jacksonians cry corrupt bargain
26. Adams Was not successful Native Americans What happened ??????? Tariff Abominations --- tariff on imported goods \ Massachusetts and Rhode Island wool manufactures Brits textiles –low prices Protecting American manufactured goods Adams signs it South hates it ---why???????
27. 1828 --- 2 party system Support Adams –National Republicans Jackson –Democratic Republicans “Age of the Common Man”
28. Jackson --- Puts together network to ensure support Democratic party ---newspaper publishers, state political leaders Jackson----states Adams corrupt Adams –Jackson –stupid violent drunk Coffin Handbill--- Jackson murdering enlisted men during Indian Wars Jackson WINS!!!!!!
29. Jacksonianvs Jeffersonian Democracy Won by large margin Interested in the West Spoils system--- fired government officials and replaced them with his supporters Champions of liberty
30. What is the difference between Jackson and Jefferson
31. Jackson Rules Broadens ability to vote “equal protection and equal benefits to all white men” Wanted to extend power past elites Forceful president Preserve the Union He gets a challenge
32. Challenge Calhoun and nullification Tariff issue Tariff of Abominations – Cause of South Carolinas drop Consider secession Based on 10th amendment and the VA and KY Resolutions --- What do they state--- States are the final decision makers on Constitutionality Declare laws null and void /if unconstitutional
33. Nullification??????? Use it to nullify tariff of 1828 Why is this tariff so important Will anybody stand up Yep Webster-Hayne Hayne ---for it –states rights versus national power Webster=“liberty and union are now and forever, one and inseparable”
34. Nullification ??????? 1832 tariff bill offers no relief State convention votes to nullify 1828 and 1832 tariffs Remember Hayne ---he is now gov Calhoun will replace him as Senator Will a savior appear? Henry Clay Lower tariff gradually level in 1816
35. Native American Problem No secret how Jackson feels Get them outta here and put in the west 5 civilized tribes Western GA, AL, MISS, FLA, Cherokee , Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw Removal Act –move them to the West Gave $ to negotiate with tribes Cede land under pressure --- promise of payment Ga—Cherokee appeal to Supreme Court --- Worchester V GA and Cherokee Nation v GA “the court has made its decision now let them enforce it”
36. Native American Problem 1835 Cherokee (minority faction) Cede tribes land 5 million and reservation out west of Mississippi Majority resist – Jackson sends Army 7,000—winfield scott Drives them westward under bayonet force
37. Trail of Tears 1000 fled to North Carolina to a reservation Still there today Cherokee Removal --- Indian territory in OK Thousands perish All 5 civilized tribes go Impact of the removal--- 100 million acres of land go to govt Natives—68 million dollars and 32 million acres
38. Jackson ‘s War Down size govt Bank of United States– by law it was for the Feds to deposit its own funds Govt owned 1/5 of bank stocks Charter due in 1836 – Jackson does not make it a secret Biddle –Pres. Of Bank Granted favors to politicians who would support Clay and Webster
39. Jackson’s War 1832 apply new charter –becomes issues in campaign Congress passes Jackson vetoes Jackson wins election Wants bank gone Charter still good Weaken it Removes government deposits Goes through 3 people before it happens Taney
40. Jackson’s War Pet banks ---numerous banks where govt deposits $ Biddle --- calls in loans and raises interest rates Why Without Govt deposits ---stretched too thin Financial crisis Biddle feels the heat –grants credit Jackson wins the fight
41. Election of 1836 and Rise of Whigs Whigs = oppose one or more of demos policies Whigs believed in govt activism (especially social) Temperance and enforcement of Sabbath Martin Van Buren enters office –= Panic of 1837 Continued favoring hard currency made it worse Why /what is hard currency made him not get reelected
42. Social History of the Time Slavery Abolitionists develop Slave revolts Nat Turner = God help Black liberation movement 60 whites died 200 slaves killed some had nothing to do with rebellion Black codes= cant learn to read or congregate
43. Economy Market economy develops People trade labor and goods for cash Cotton gin =more profit=more slave labor =South Interchangeable Parts= machine tool industry Specialized machines for industries and textile North = power loom and industry
44. Transportation National Road = Maryland to West Virginia (ultimatley to Central Ohio) Canal = linked great lakes and New York = European shipping routes Steam ships and railroads Revolutionize America
45. Farming Mechanization and market economy =change in farming Northeast = troubles with farming Terrain not good –rocky and hilly Soil poor over farming Goes down Midwest chief source of grain South =king cotton
46. See sectionalism grow South Farming profitable South puts it s base there Slaves = internal market for them Major export cotton no need for industry Remain rural Economic factors support slavery = increased demand for cotton labor intensive crop Sla ves cheap source Climate of south =good growing season
47. Seeing Sectionalism Grow North Immigration labor source Nativist – against immigrants Plenty of workers Plenty of industry
48. Wrap Up Population expands Jefferson as President Louisiana Purchase Era of good feelings Missouri Compromise – Andrew Jackson –KING More people could vote Bank of U.S disappears