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Chapter 11, part A

Chapter 11, part A. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea. One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones No membrane bounded organelles (ribosomes) Peptidoglycan cell walls (NOT in Archaea) Binary fission.

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Chapter 11, part A

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  1. Chapter 11, part A The Prokaryotes:Domains Bacteria and Archaea

  2. The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea • One circular chromosome, not in a membrane • No histones • No membrane bounded organelles (ribosomes) • Peptidoglycan cell walls (NOT in Archaea) • Binary fission

  3. Domain Bacteria: Proteobacteria • Gram-negative groups: • Proteobacteria • Mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes • By RNA sequencing •  Proteobacteria: • Human pathogens • Brucella • Bartonella • Obligate intracellular • Rickettsia • Ehrlichia • Have prosthacae • Caulobacter • Chemoautotrophic • Nitrobacter • Nitrosomas • Fix nitrogen • Rhizobium • Azospirillum • Produce acetic acid • Acetobacter

  4. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria The alpha-proteobacteria include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs. Some members of this sub-phylum grow at low-nutrient levels (oligotrophic) and some have stalks (prosthecae). Some are pathogens and some are intracellular. •  (alpha) Proteobacteria • Human pathogens: • Bartonella • B. hensela Cat-scratch disease • Brucella Brucellosis http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/brucellosis_g.htm#top

  5. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria • Obligate intracellular parasites: • Rickettsia. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers • R. prowazekii Epidemic typhus - lice • R. typhi Endemic murine typhus - flea • R. rickettsii Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - tick

  6. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1

  7. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria • Those with prosthecae: • Caulobacter. Stalked bacteria found in lakes. Use stalk for obtaining nutrients • Hyphomicrobium. Budding bacteria found in lakes Figure 11.2 & 3

  8. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria • A plant pathogen: • Agrobacterium. Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor Figure 9.17

  9. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria • Nitrogen Cycle • Chemoautotrophic: • Oxidize nitrogen for energy • Fix CO2 • Nitrosomonas NH3+ NO2– • Nitrobacter NO2– NO3– • Book has this reversed incorrectly

  10. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: • Azospirillum • Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants • Fix nitrogen • Rhizobium • Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants Figure 27.5

  11. The  (alpha) Proteobacteria • Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol: • Acetobacter - Pasteur http://www.winepros.org/wine101/enology.htm

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