Migration

1. Migration

2. Learning Objectives • To understand what push and pull factors are. • To be able to give 3 push factors for leaving source countries and 3 pull factors for being attracted to host countries. • To know the different migration policies the UK has used since 1950.

3. Starter List 5 things that would make you want to leave this school. List 5 things that might attract people to this school.

4. Migration: Balancing game Push factors: A factor that makes you want to leave the country or area you live in. Pull factors: A factor that attracts you to another country or an area in which you might want to move to. Name 3 push factors for emigrating from Estonia and 3 pull factors of immigrating into the UK

5. Video Clip • I want you to watch the following clip. It looks at why people in rural towns in South Africa move to the cities. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/why-young-people-move-to-cities-in-south-africa/1482.html • Take notes in the back of your books, as I want you to relate this to why people migrate from country to country.

6. Why do people migrate? Pull factors of the host country Push factors of the source country Low wages and low standard of living. Lack of job opportunities Poor quality of life Lack of quality services – hospitals, schools etc. Conflict The need to make more money to cater for the family. • Higher wages and improved standard of living. • Better services – transport, healthcare, housing etc etc. • Improved job opportunities • Freedom from oppression • Away from natural hazards – flooding, volcanic activity etc.

7. Differing policies that exist to manage migration. UK Case Study Open Door Post War immigrants came to the UK from colonies in the Caribbean due to an Act of Parliament giving all Commonwealth (ex British Empire) citizens free entry into the UK. (1950-1960 - 250, 000 people came from the Caribbean) Positives – Met shortage of unskilled and semi-skilled labour. Helped with the reconstruction of the country post WW2. Negatives – Public money spent on meeting needs of the immigrants – housing etc. During the 1970’s recession a lot of these immigrants became unemployed. Racism.

8. Point Based System • Immigrants need points to settle in the UK. • Established in 2008 and contains 5 tiers of migrants. • In 2004 eastern European countries of Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia joined the European Union. (these countries are known as the A8 – Accession countries) – This means that citizens from these countries are free to move and work in other EU member countries such as the UK. In most cases the migrants are economic migrants and stay only until they feel they have made enough money to take home.

9. Point Based System – Tiers of migrants • Tier 1 – Highly skilled workers – scientists and entrepreneurs. • Tier 2 – Skilled workers – teachers and nurses. • Tier 3 – Low skilled workers – consturction workers • Tier 4 – Students • Tier 5 – Temporary workers – musicians playing in a concert for example.

10. Come up with a table to look at the advantages and disadvantages for the source and host countries

11. Source advantages • Immigrants send money/remittances home to their families. • Less pressure on resources and jobs in places like Poland. • Immigrants bring skills back to their country.

12. Host advantages • Meets need of shortage of unskilled and semi-skilled labour. • Increases cultural diversity in the UK. • Immigrants contribute to the economy by paying taxes. • Immigrants often only take low paid jobs. • Less that 5% claim any sort of state benefit. • Strong work ethic.

13. Source disadvantages • Loss of working population. • Decline in birth rate as most migrants are young men. Eg Estonia.

14. Host disadvantages • Public money spent on immigrants – housing and healthcare. • During current recession – foreign construction workers are pricing UK workers out of the market. • Increased hostility towards the immigrants. Jobs being taken etc.