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S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter. a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states.
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S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter. a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states. d. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter as physical (i.e., density, melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility). e. Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical (development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color). f. Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have similar properties as shown on the Periodic Table of Elements. g. Identify and demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter.
Water is • a compound. • an element. • a solution • a mixture.
Water is A. a compound.
2. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms combine to form water. When one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms combine, what forms?A. a different atomB. a different elementC. a moleculeD. a neutron
2. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms combine to form water. When one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms combine, what forms? C. a molecule
3. Plastic, wood, and iron are all made up of • cells. • atoms. • carbon. • plants.
4. Which of the following elements is part of the chemical formula for table salt? A. Na B. Si C. S D. O
4. Which of the following elements is part of the chemical formula for table salt? A. Na
5. Which symbolizes a molecule of a compound?A. He B. Be C. N2D. NaCl
6. An atom is to an element, as a molecule is to aA. metal. B. nonmetal. C. metalloid. D. compound.
6. An atom is to an element, as a molecule is to a D. compound.
7. All of the substances on the periodic table are classified as elements because theyA. are pure substances. B. are composed of atoms. C. cannot be broken down into other substances. D. cannot be dissolved in water or other liquids.
7. All of the substances on the periodic table are classified as elements because theyC. cannot be broken down into other substances.
8. John has a mixture of salt, sand, and iron filings. To remove the iron filings from the mixture, John shouldA. run a magnet through the mixture. B. put the mixture in water and stir it. C. throw the mixture into the air and see which material falls first. D. blow on it and keep what does not blow away.
8. John has a mixture of salt, sand, and iron filings. To remove the iron filings from the mixture, John shouldA. run a magnet through the mixture.
9. Which of the following is an element?A. air B. salt C. water D. oxygen
10. When mud and water are combined, the result is A. a mixture. B. a compound. C. an element. D. a molecule.
10. When mud and water are combined, the result is A. a mixture.
11. A solution in a dish contains 3.0 grams of salt dissolved in 100 grams of water. If 50 grams of the water evaporate, the solution isA. a compound. B. a mixture. C. an element. D. a solid.
11. A solution in a dish contains 3.0 grams of salt dissolved in 100 grams of water. If 50 grams of the water evaporate, the solution isB. a mixture.
13. If different kinds of atoms are represented by different colored dots, which picture represents a sample of a compound? A. B. C. D. .
13. If different kinds of atoms are represented by different colored dots, which picture represents a sample of a compound? C. .
19. A mixture of powdered iron and sulfur reacts chemically when heated. What will be formed?A. a single element B. two other elements C. a solution D. a compound
19. A mixture of powdered iron and sulfur reacts chemically when heated. What will be formed?D. a compound
20. The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of water differ from each other inA. the mass of the individual atoms. B. the size of the individual atoms. C. the net electrical charge of the individual molecules. D. the average speed of movement of the individual molecules.
20. The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of water differ from each other inD. the average speed of movement of the individual molecules.
23. The molecules in a test tube filled with cold water move more slowly than the molecules in a large tank of warm water. What is responsible for this difference in molecule speed?A. pressure B. volume C. weight D. heat
23. The molecules in a test tube filled with cold water move more slowly than the molecules in a large tank of warm water. What is responsible for this difference in molecule speed?D. heat
24. Which statement about the molecules in ice and the molecules in liquid water is correct?A. The molecules in ice have more energy than the molecules in liquid water. B. The molecules in ice contain different atoms than the molecules in liquid water. C. The molecules in ice have more electric charge than the molecules in liquid water. D. The molecules in ice are less free to move than the molecules in liquid water.
24. Which statement about the molecules in ice and the molecules in liquid water is correct?D. The molecules in ice are less free to move than the molecules in liquid water.
26. A hot air balloon rises becauseA. molecules become lighter when heated. B. molecules move faster and farther apart when heated. C. molecules are less attracted by gravity when heated. D. molecules become charged and repel each other when heated.
26. A hot air balloon rises because B. molecules move faster and farther apart when heated.
27. Heat can cause ice to change to liquid water byA. filling the spaces between molecules. B. causing molecules to move faster and farther apart. C. increasing the distance between electrons within molecules. D. increasing the attraction between molecules.
27. Heat can cause ice to change to liquid water byB. causing molecules to move faster and farther apart.
28. Moisture that collects on the outside of a cold glass results from the process ofA. evaporation. B. condensation. C. sublimation. D. vaporization.
28. Moisture that collects on the outside of a cold glass results from the process ofB. condensation.
31. The amount of matter in an object is called itsA. weight. B. gravity. C. mass. D. force.
32. The observation that ice cubes float in a glass of water can be explained by the fact that • most substances have less energy as solids than as liquids. • most substances are less dense as solids than as liquids. • ice has less energy than liquid water. D. ice is less dense than liquid water.
32. The observation that ice cubes float in a glass of water can be explained by the fact that D. ice is less dense than liquid water.
34. Which is a metric unit for density?A. g/cm B. cm/g C. g/cm3D. cm3/g
35. Which unit correctly describes density?A. pounds/square inch B. kilograms/square meter C. milligrams/square centimeter D. grams/milliliter
35. Which unit correctly describes density? D. grams/milliliter
37. Mary wants to find the density of a small stone. Which tools will she need?A. a meterstick and a thermometer B. a thermometer and a balance C. a balance and a graduated cylinder D. a graduated cylinder and a meterstick
37. Mary wants to find the density of a small stone. Which tools will she need?C. a balance and a graduated cylinder
38. When a gas forms a liquid, which process is taking place?A. freezing B. condensation C. boiling D. evaporation
