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Exploration and Middle Ages

Explore the dynamic changes in Europe during the Middle Ages, from the Feudal System to the rise of trade and exploration. Witness the impact of the Crusades, the Growth of Trade, and the Rise of Nations. Discover the new technologies and advancements that paved the way for European voyages of exploration. Delve into the powerful Kingdoms and Empires in Africa during this transformative period.

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Exploration and Middle Ages

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  1. Explorationand Middle Ages By: Ms. Astle

  2. Europe During the Middle Ages

  3. New Idea’s, New Nations • Europe was divided into small kingdoms and city states dominated by the Catholic Church. • Each Kingdom was made up of large landowners called Lords. • Peasants worked the land in return for food, housing, and protection. • This is called the Feudal System. • Lords lived in manors and serfs belonged to the manor even if there was a new Lord. • Peasants wanted freedom and left to live in towns. • Became a new class---middle class. They were mostly merchants. • Black Death---plague carried by fleas and rats killed ¼ of Europe’s population. Picture from: Wikipedia: Knole House

  4. New Ideas, New Nations • In the early 600’s a new religion, Islam began spreading rapidly in the Middle East and Africa. • This rise of Islam would soon end Western Europe’s isolation. • In 1095 the Europeans launched the first of nine expeditions known as the Crusades. • Their purpose was to take back control of Christian holy sites in the Middle East from Muslims—followers of Islam. • Wars are fought over Palestine and Jerusalem from 1096-1270. • The Crusades had an unplanned result. • In the Middle East, Europeans met Arab merchants who sold them spices, silk, sugar, and other goods from China and India. • Europeans interest in Asia grew. Picture from: Wikipedia: Middle Ages

  5. The Growth of Trade • Merchants in Europe knew they could make a lot of money selling goods from Asia. • Wealthy Europeans were eager to buy Asian spices, perfumes, silks, and precious stones. • Merchants bought these goods from Arab traders in the Middle East. • The Merchants sent the goods overland by caravans to the Mediterranean Sea. • Then the goods traveled by ship to Italian ports in Venice, Genoa, and Pisa. These cities prospered. • Arab traders charged high prices, so Europeans wanted to find their own route to the east that would not require them to buy from Arab merchants. Picture from:Powers, Jim. "Caravan

  6. Rise of Nations • By the 1400’s a new, larger type of state developed in Western Europe. The smaller states were combined into a more powerful united state. • Strong monarchs rose to power in Spain, Portugal, England, and France. • They established national laws, courts, taxes, and armies to replace local rulers. • The monarchs sought ways to increase trade and make their countries even stronger and wealthier. • Portugal and Spain began looking for sea routes to Asia. • This put them in competition with Italy, who had dominated trading.

  7. New Technology • New technologies were developed to help make European voyages of exploration possible. • The printing press was created, making it easier to print books and giving more people access to new information. • Cartographers (map makers) improved their accuracy using information from Arab and Chinese scholars and astronomers, the created more accurate land and sea maps.

  8. New Technology • Instruments for navigating the seas also improved. The astrolabe (helps find latitude), and a magnetic compass from China allowed sailors to accurately determine their direction. • New ship designs allowed sailors to make long ocean voyages. • Caravels could sail faster and carry more cargo and supplies than earlier ships.

  9. Kingdoms and Empires in Africa • Between 400-1600 A.D. powerful kingdoms flourished in Africa. • Much of their power and wealth came from mining and trade. • Arab traders traveled to Africa’s east coat exchanging cotton, silk, and porcelain for African ivory and metals. • West Africa mined and traded gold, copper, and iron ore. • Ghana a vast trading empire emerged in West Africa. • Caravans carrying gold, ivory and enslaved people crossed the desert in North Africa and returned with salt, cloth, and brass. • Mali—a new kingdom grew very powerful. • Mali developed trade routes across the desert to North Africa. • In 1324 Mali’s great king Mansa Musa, a Muslim went to Makkah and returned with a Arab architect. He built great mosques in Timbuktu, Mali’s capital. • Timbuktu became a center of Islamic art and learning. • The Songhai people later overthrew Mali rule. Picture from: History of West Africa

  10. Exploration Picture from: Wikipedia: Medieval Ships

  11. Reasons for Exploration • Claim land for country • Riches • Discover new goods---spices, silk, ivory, etc.

  12. Leif Eriksson • Dates of Exploration: • 1000 A.D. • Country Sailed for: • Greenland • Accomplishments: • Discovered North America. • Landed at Newfoundland and created a winter settlement called “Vineland.”—means land of wine. Vineland lasted 5yrs.

  13. Marco Polo • Dates of Exploration: • 1269 • Country Sailed for: • Italy • Accomplishments: • Explored Asia. • Served the Great Khan for 17 years. • Learned the secrets of the far east and their culture. Picture from: Wikipedia: Marco Polo

  14. Bartholomeu Dias • Dates of Exploration: • 1487-1488 • Country Sailed for: • Portugal • Accomplishments: • Sailed around the southern tip of Africa. • Named it the “Cape of Good Hope.” Picture from: Wikipedia: Bartholomeu Dias

  15. Christopher Columbus • Dates of Exploration: • 1492-1504 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Explored the islands of the Caribbean Sea. Picture from: Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus

  16. Vasco de Gama • Dates of Exploration: • 1497-1499 • Country Sailed for: • Portugal • Accomplishments: • Sailed around Africa to India. • Became the Governor of India. Picture from: Wikipedia: Vasco de Gama

  17. John Cabot • Dates of Exploration: • 1497-1501 • Country Sailed for: • England • Accomplishments: • Re-discovered Newfoundland (east coast of North America.) • Established the 1st English claim to North America. Picture from: Wikipedia: John Cabot

  18. Juan Ponce de Leon • Dates of Exploration: • 1508-1509, 1513 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Explored Puerto Rico and Florida. • Became the first Governor of Puerto Rico. Pictures from: Wikipedia: Juan Ponce de Leon

  19. Vasco Nunez de Balboa • Dates of Exploration: • 1513 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • 1st European to discover a way across the Americas. • Land route over Panama. Picture from: Wikipedia: Vasco Nunez de Balboa

  20. Ferdinand Magellan • Dates of Exploration: • 1519-1522 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Found the “Strait of Magellan.” • First to attempt to sail around the world. • He never returned from his voyage—he died in the Philippians. Picture from: Wikipedia: Ferdinand Magellan

  21. Hernando Cortez • Dates of Exploration: • 1519-1520 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Explored Mexico. • Conquered the Aztec people. • Made Governor of Mexico. Picture from: Wikipedia: Hernan Cortez

  22. Francisco Pizzaro • Dates of Exploration: • 1528, 1530-1533 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Explored South America and Central America. • Conquered the Inca Empire. • Founded Lima, Peru. Picture from: Wikipedia: Francisco Pizzaro

  23. Jacques Cartier • Dates of Exploration: • 1534, 1535-1536 • Country Sailed for: • France • Accomplishments: • Explored the St. Lawrence River. Picture from: Wikipedia: Jacques Cartier

  24. Francis Drake • Dates of Exploration: • 1577-1580 • Country Sailed for: • England • Accomplishments: • 1st man to command a complete circumnavigation of the globe. • Returned with enormous treasure. Picture from: Wikipedia: Francis Drake

  25. Henry Hudson • Dates of Exploration: • 1607-1611 • Country Sailed for: • England & Netherlands • Accomplishments: • Explored Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay. • Explored the Hudson River. Picture from: Wikipedia: Henry Hudson

  26. Amerigo Vespucci • Dates of Exploration: 1499-1500 • Country Sailed For: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Italian Explorer • 1st person to say that Columbus never reached the Indies. • America is named after him. Picture from: Wikipedia: Amerigo Vespucci

  27. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • Dates of Exploration: 1528-1536 • Country Sailed For: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Part of Spanish exploration to Florida • Sailed south toward Mexico. • Landed in Texas and trekked across the Southwest • Arrived in Mexico in 1536 and told about the “Seven Cities of Cibola”—seven cities of gold Picture from: Zoom Explorers

  28. Hernando de Soto • Dates of Exploration: 1539-1542 • Country Sailed For: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Explored Florida and the southeastern U.S. looking for the cities of gold. • Crossed the Mississippi River in 1541. • De Soto died in Oklahoma of fever. His men buried him in the waters of the Mississippi. Picture from: "Soto, Hernando de (1500?-1542). Picture from: Zoom Explorers

  29. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado • Dates of Exploration: 1540-1542 • Country Sailed for: • Spain • Accomplishments: • Searched for Seven Cities of Cibola. • Traveled northern Mexico and Arizona, & New Mexico. • Convinced there was no gold they graveled west to the Colorado River and east into what is now Kansas. Picture from: Zoom Explorers

  30. Robert Cavelier de La Salle • Dates of Exploration: 1682 • Country Sailed for: • France • Accomplishments: • Followed the Mississippi all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. • Claimed region for France, calling it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. Picture from: Zoom Explorers

  31. Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette • Dates of Exploration: 1670s • Country Sailed for: • France • Accomplishments: • Traveled the Mississippi River by canoe. • They were looking for the Northwest Passage. • Realized the Mississippi flows south into Gulf of Mexico and not west into the Pacific. Picture from: "Jacques Marquette."

  32. Resources • Blank Maps for Quizzes (1995-2008) Pearson Education, Inc. at URL: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI036.jpg&imgrefurl=http://wps.ablongman.com/long_divine_appap_7/0,9455,1518971-content,00.html&h=1004&w=800&sz=137&tbnid=hrv3RMmhgyE6fM:&tbnh=149&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnew%2Bengland%2Bcolonies%26um%3D1&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3 • Wikipedia: Vasco da Gama (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_gama • Wikpedia: Ferdinand Magellan (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_magellan • Wikipedia: Christopher Columbus (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_columbus • Wikipedia: Bartholomeu Dias (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomeu_Dias • Wikipedia: Vasco Nunez de Balboa (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_Nunez_De_Balboa • Wikipedia: Francis Drake (2008) Wikimeida Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Drake • Wikipedia: Henry Hudson (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson • Wikipedia: Leif Eriksson (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leif_Eriksson

  33. Resources • Wikipedia: Jacques Cartier (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier • Wikipedia: Francisco Pizzaro (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Pizzaro • Wikipedia: Hernan Cortez (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernan_Cortez • Wikipedia: John Cabot (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cabot • Wikipedia: Marco Polo (2008) Wikimedia Foundatin, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Polo • Wikipedia: Juan Ponce de Leon (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_ponce_de_leon • Wikipedia: Amerigo Vespucci (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerigo_vespucci • NYPL Digital Gallery: Exploration (2004-2008) New York Public Library at URL:http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?num=0&word=exploration&s=1&notword=&d=&c=&f=&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&imgs=12&pNum= • Wilipedia: Middle Ages (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medival#Crusades • Wikipedia: Medieval Ships (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_ships • Wikpedia: Knole House (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knole_House • Zoom Explorers. Enchanted Learning. EnchantedLearning.com. 2000. Web. Sept. 23. 1014.

  34. Resources • "Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de (1510?-1554)." American Eras. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Sep. 2014 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. • "Soto, Hernando de (1500?-1542)." American Eras. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Sep. 2014 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. • "La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2014. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Sep. 2014 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. • "Jacques Marquette." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Sep. 2014 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. • "caravel." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2014. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Sep. 2014 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. • Powers, Jim. "Caravan." Contemporary Musicians. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (September 23, 2014). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3494200013.html • “History of West Africa” Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation Inc. 2014. (September 23, 2014) . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_West_Africa

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