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Alejandro Medina Xiao Li Dr. George Hadjisophocleous Andrew Harmsworth Christian Dagenais

Tall Wood Building Project. FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN OF DEMONSTRATION BUILDING. Alejandro Medina Xiao Li Dr. George Hadjisophocleous Andrew Harmsworth Christian Dagenais. Building Façade . 2. Exterior Cladding.

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Alejandro Medina Xiao Li Dr. George Hadjisophocleous Andrew Harmsworth Christian Dagenais

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  1. Tall Wood Building Project • FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN OF DEMONSTRATION BUILDING Alejandro Medina Xiao Li Dr. George Hadjisophocleous Andrew Harmsworth Christian Dagenais

  2. Building Façade 2

  3. Exterior Cladding • The exterior cladding must conform to NBC 3.1.5.5 and pass the CAN/ULC S-134 which provides an assessment of the fire spread characteristics of non-load bearing exterior walls. • Current façade set up with the concrete balcony slab extending pass the building serves as a flame deflecting mechanism by breaking up the vertical wood cladding channel. • Wood cladding is mostly used at balconies where it is most desirable by occupants. 3

  4. Connection Details • Maintain all connections protected • If a member is exposed without gypsum protection the connection must have a minimum wood protection of 91 mm in addition to thickness required to carry the connection • Protecting connections with gypsum board increases the fire resistance as follow: • (a) 15 min for 1 layer of 12.7mm (1/2 in) Type X gypsum board • (b) 30 min for 1 layer of 15.9mm (5/8 in) Type X gypsum board • (c) 60 min for 2 layers of 15.9mm (5/8 in) Type X gypsum board

  5. Fire Resistance of Structural Elements 5

  6. Fire Resistance of Structural Assemblies • The fire resistance of the structural elements has been calculated using the following standards. • CAN/CSA O86 • CLT Handbook • Wood Design Manual • Other References A 1-dimensional heat transfer model that has been developed and could be used to validate results of fire resistance calculations of CLT/LVL walls and floors. 6

  7. Fire Resistance of Structural Assemblies Structural wood assemblies used on this building 7

  8. Reduced Cross-section Method 8

  9. Fire Resistance of Structural Assemblies Charring rate of wood Heated, zero-strength zone

  10. Fire Resistance of Glulam Beams For 120 minutes fire exposure with no Gypsum board protection

  11. Fire Resistance of Glulam Beams For 120 minutes fire exposure with no Gypsum board protection 11

  12. Fire Resistance of Glulam Columns For 120 minutes fire exposure with no Gypsum board protection 12

  13. Fire Resistance of Glulam Columns For 120 minutes fire exposure with no Gypsum board protection Eccentricity is greater on columns exposed from 3 sides than from all 4 sides. 13

  14. Fire Resistance of LSL Wall Panels 1-dimensional charring rate of 0.65mm/min will be used as there is no corner rounding to account for in Wall assemblies 14

  15. Fire Resistance of LSL Wall Panels For 120 minutes fire exposure with no Gypsum board protection Eccentricity is greater on walls exposed from 1 side than from both sides. 15

  16. Fire Resistance of Composite Deck Beams spaced at 0.8m on center Each beam on the composite deck can support a moment 19.5 kN*m after a 2 hour fire. Adding the composite action of the concrete providing the compressive strength increases the overall load capacity of the deck. 16

  17. Fire Resistance of Steel Beam ASTM E119 T=1010 C at 2 hours. A real fire could reach higher temperatures At such temperatures the strength and stiffness of the steel are reduced Steel beam section: S5x10 • This steel I-joist used to connect the LSL walls to the LSL Core must meet the 2 hour fire resistance specified for all structural elements. • Options to protect the steel section could include one or a combination of the following. • Gypsum board encasement • Spray foam protection 17

  18. Fire safety during construction 18

  19. Fire safety during construction • Buildings are at most vulnerable state during construction due to lack of fully operational life safety systems such as • Sprinklers • Fire alarms • Fire compartmentalization Section 5.6, Division B of the BC Fire Code requires a Construction Fire Safety Plan (CFSP) prior to construction, renovation or demolition of a building. 19

  20. Fire safety during construction • Existing Standards • Section 2.8, 5.2 and 5.6 “Construction and Demolition Sites”, Division B of the 2012 BC Fire Code • Part 8, Division B “Safety Measures at Construction and Demolition sites” of the 2012 BC Building Code • Office of the Fire Commissioner of BC, OFC Bulletin • Standata Fire Code Interpretation FCI-09-03 • Further Resources • NFPA 1, Fire Code • NFPA 101, Life Safety Code • SFPE Engineer Guide to Fire Risk Assessment • City of Vancouver • City of Vancouver Building By-law (VBBL) 2007, Division B, Part 8 • City of Vancouver Fire By-law (VFBL) 2000, Section 2.14 and 5.2 20

  21. Fire safety during construction • The minimum requirements for fire safety are highlighted in the BCFC, Div B, 5.6.1.3 / 2.8.2.1 are as follows: • Designation of personnel responsible for carrying fire safety duties • Establishing emergency procedures such as • Fire Alarms. Procedures once alarm sounds • Notification of fire department and definition of fire fighting procedure • Documentation of type, location and operation of fire emergency systems • List of response numbers as well as names, addresses and telephone numbers of personnel to be contacted during and after working hours in case of emergency • Fire Safety Training • Enforcement 21

  22. Fire safety during construction • Leading cause of fires in buildings under construction are: • Incendiary or suspicious (40%) • Open flame, embers or torches (21%) • Heating equipment (10%) • Smoking on site • Ignition Sources: • Reduce the need for “hot work” • Separate heating equipment from structure under construction • Constant vigilance • Fuel Sources: • House keeping. Limit the amount of fuel on site • Proper storage of combustible waste on site and the removal of such as often as possible. • Strict control on storage of flammable liquids and gases 22

  23. Fire safety during construction • Features that need coordination before construction • Unobstructed stairs at each level • Early installation of water pumps • Management of temporary heating equipment • Maintaining high housekeeping standards • Fire department access to site at all times • Fire watch during hot works operations • Fire alert warning systems • Active standpipe • Active sprinkler system • Fire Hydrant Portable fire extinguishers 23

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