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Neutrino Experiments and Proton Decay Experiments Summary

Neutrino Experiments and Proton Decay Experiments Summary. Takuya Hasegawa(KEK). Sorry for Skipping Following Three Important Contributions Due to Limited Time. Mar. 5, 2008 NP08@Mito. J-PARC Neutrino Facility Status. T.Kobayashi IPNS, KEK. 3. The T2K experiment. Christos Touramanis

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Neutrino Experiments and Proton Decay Experiments Summary

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  1. Neutrino Experiments and Proton Decay ExperimentsSummary Takuya Hasegawa(KEK)

  2. Sorry for Skipping Following Three Important Contributions Due to Limited Time

  3. Mar. 5, 2008 NP08@Mito J-PARC NeutrinoFacility Status T.Kobayashi IPNS, KEK 3

  4. The T2K experiment Christos Touramanis 4th International Workshop on Nuclear and Particle Physics NP08 5 March 2008 Mito, Ibaraki, Japan

  5. Future beam options for long baseline neutrino experiments Yves Déclais Université Lyon1 CNRS/IN2P3/IPNL Future beam options for  experiments

  6. The 2nd Phase Experiment with J-PARC Neutrino Facility

  7. Primary Motivation of T2K Discover νμ→νeConversion Phenomenon Prior to Any Other Experiment in the World Conclude Lepton Flavor Mixing Structure

  8. T2K Proposal Accepted by J-PARC PAC “We request total integrated beam power largerthan 0.75MW × 15000h at any proton energiesbetween 30 and 50 GeV.“ 15000h ＝ 5×3000h ≒ 5×107sec

  9. T2K Full Proposal

  10. Integrated Power of 1～2MW×107seconds is a Turning Point to Decide Next Project Utilizing J-PARC Neutrino Facility

  11. Future Investment for the “Discovery” in ν Physics we are High Energy Experiment ResearcherNot much Interested in Upper Bound Physics If Significant νe Signal → Proceed Immediately to CPViolation Discovery MUST: Improve ν Beam Intensity MUST: Improve the Main(Far) Detector Quality In terms of Detector Technology, Volume and Baseline+Angle optional: improve Near Detector( whatever it is)

  12. Discovery of Proton Decay Naturally, Main Neutrino Detector Tends to be Huge. As a Consequence, Main Neutrino Detector Gives us Rare and Important Opportunity to Discover Proton Decay

  13. J-PARCtoSomewhereLong Baseline Neutrino ExperimentandNucleon Decay Experiment With Huge Volume Detector

  14. Okinoshima Kamioka Korea 295km 2.5deg. Off-axis 658km 0.8deg. Off-axis 1000km 1deg. Off-axis

  15. Quest for the Origin of Matter Dominated Universe • Lepton Sector CP Violation • Search for CP violation in Neutrino Oscillation Process • Conclude Mass Hierarchy of Neutrinos • Examine Matter Effect in Neutrino Oscillation Process • Proton Decay • p → ν K • p → e π0 *Non-Equilibrium Environment in the Evolution of Universe is Assumed

  16. Supernova Neutrino Burst • Guaranteed signal – if you run long enough. • Enormous statistics in a megaton-scale detector. • Time profile and spectra of great astrophysical interest. Exotic possibilities such as Si-burning and black hole formation. • Standard picture: Initial burst of ne and cooling tail of equal flavors • Matter effects in SN and in earth may be revealed. • May reveal fundamental neutrino physics as well. Ed Kearns - Non-accelerator Physics with Water Cherenkov - NP08

  17. Indirect Dark Matter detection • WIMPS can be gravitationally trapped in the centre of celestial massive bodies (e.g. the Sun) • They can annihilate and produce standard particles (among others high energy neutrinos) • Look for high energy (anti-) e pointing to the Sun • Take advantage of superb angular resolution and electron ID capabilities of LAr TPCs • Clear WIMP signal expected if elastic cross section above 10-4 pb JCAP01(2005)001

  18. My Favorite Themes • Determine d • The Universe is dominated by matter and has no anti-matter. • Discover proton decay • Origin of extremely small mass of the neutrinos. • The Universe was born and will die. • The Universe is dominated by matter and has no anti-matter. • What is the dark-matter? • Unknown new heavy particles. • What is the dark energy? • New paradigm beyond relativity and quantum theory? We Will Cover Them Prof. Totsuka’s Talk @ 1st J-PARC Int. Symp.

  19. Future Investment for the “Discovery” in ν Physics we are High Energy Experiment ResearcherNot much Interested in Upper Bound Physics If Significant νe Signal → Proceed Immediately to CPViolation Discovery MUST: Improve ν Beam Intensity MUST: Improve the Main(Far) Detector Quality In terms of Detector Technology, Volume and Baseline+Angle optional: improve Near Detector( whatever it is)

  20. Possible MR Power Improvement ScenarioKEK ROADMAP After 2010, plan depends on financial situation

  21. Water Cherenkov Detector Simplicity, Mass K.Kaneyuki ~0.5Megaton fid vol. (0.27Mton x 2 detectors) Needs ~200,000PMTs (assume 40% coverage)

  22. possibly up to 100 kton Electronic crates ≈70 m Drift length h =20 m max Passive perlite insulation Single module cryo-tank based on industrial LNG technology Huge Liquid Ar TPC A scalable detector with a non-evacuable dewar and ionization charge detection with amplification Precision Measurement Detector A.Marchionni

  23. Baseline and Angle Oscill. Prob.＠ • Baseline • Long: Oscillation Maximum at Higher Energy, Utilize Matter Effect • Short: More Intense Neutrino Flux, Control of π0 Background Less Matter Effect • Angle w.r.t On-Axis • On-Axis: Wide Energy Coverage • Off-Axis: Narrow Energy Coverage, Control of π0 Background OA0° nm flux OA2° OA2.5° OA3°

  24. Brand New Far(Main) Detector • Detector Technology • Water Cherenkov • Liquid Ar TPC • Etc. • Baseline＋Angle Depend on How to Approach Lepton Sector CP Violation Focused in this Workshop

  25. Lepton Sector CP Violation • Effect of CP Phase δ appear as • νe Appearance Energy Spectrum Shape (Sensitive to All the Non-Vanishing δincluding 180°) • Difference between νe and νe Behavior

  26. nm neoscillation probability (on E/L) dCP=0 dCP=90 dCP=270 Oscillation probability Dm312 = 2.5x10-3 eV2 sin22q13 = 0.1 No matter effects 1st Oscillation Maximum E/L~1.27Dm2*2/p (E/L) 2nd Oscillation Maximum E/L~1.27Dm2*2/3p Oscillation Minimum E/L~1.27Dm2/p NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  27. J-PARCtoOkinoshimaLong Baseline Neutrino ExperimentandNucleon Decay Experiment With Huge Liquid Ar TPC

  28. Focus on lepton sector CP violation discovery/measurement with LAr TPC • How to approach CP phase measurement with Liquid Argon TPC detector • Liquid Argon TPC has advantage on • Good Energy resolution / reconstruction • Good background suppression (p0) • Good signal efficiency • Thus this detector is suitable for the precision measurement on neutrino energy spectrum to extract CP information. (w/ only neutrino run) NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  29. Focus on lepton sector CP violation discovery/measurement with LAr TPC (cont’d) • For example, if the second oscillation maximum has to stay larger than ~400MeV, • Baseline is needed to be longer than ~600km • If the beam should cover wider energy range, • Beam should be as on-axis as possible. • To keep high statistics to analyze; • Not too long baseline, but not too short baseline neutrino experiment is needed. NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  30. Found suitable place in map Okinoshima ~658km ~0.8deg. Almost On Axis NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  31. Spectra for ne CC events 45 25 0 deg 90 deg • Shaded is beam ne background, while histogram shows the osc’d signal. • dcp effects are seen in 1st and 2nd osc. Maxima. (perfect resolution case) 0 4 0 4 60 270 deg 40 180 deg NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008 0 4 0 4

  32. Allowed regions Perfect resolution case • This is perfect energy spectrum case • Cases at dcp=0,90,180,270 and sin22q13=0.1,0.05,0.03 are overlaid. • Each point has 67,95,99.7% C.L contours NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  33. Sites for 100kT LAr Perfect resolution Kamioka Okinoshima Korea 295km 2.5deg. Off-axis ~658km ~0.8deg. Off-axis ~1000km ~1deg. Off-axis At Kamioka, it could be nice to think different strategy as well! NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  34. J-PARCtoKamiokaLong Baseline Neutrino ExperimentandNucleon Decay Experiment With Huge Water Cherenkov Detector

  35. 295km <En>~0.6GeV Tokai Super-Kamiokande 22.5kt Tsukuba Difference Between n and anti-n Hyper-Kamiokande ~Mt CP violation

  36. expected sensitivity K.Kaneyuki 1.66MW nm 2.2yr+nm 7.8yr 1.66MW nm 1.1yr+nm 3.9yr CP sensitivity CP sensitivity sin22q13 sin22q13 3s 2s 1s d d 3s Fraction of d Fraction of d sin22q13 sin22q13 systematic error: signal 5% nm, nm BG 5% beam ne, ne BG 5% nm/nm 5% These errors are still challenging.

  37. J-PARCtoKoreaLong Baseline Neutrino ExperimentandNucleon Decay Experiment With Huge Water Cherenkov Detector So Called T2KK

  38. Comparison of Each Scenario Study is continuing to seek for Optimum Choice

  39. Proton Decay Discovery Performance

  40. Water Cherenkov 540 kt WC 270 kt WC SK I+II SK3+ proton lifetime SK2 SK1 IMB efficiency = 0.45bg. rate = 0.2 evts/100 kty Nobs = Nbg Ed Kearns - Non-accelerator Physics with Water Cherenkov - NP08

  41. Super-symmetric decay mode p K+ D e+ K+ B C A µ+ Liquid Ar TPC K+ Drift coordinate 90 cm  Real event recorded by ICARUS T600 detector while surface tests were carried out in 2001 e+ 34 cm Wire coordinate

  42. Sensitivity to nucleon partial lifetime Liquid Ar TPC Only atmospheric neutrino background is included 100kt, 10year Almost background free search

  43. Realization of the Huge Detector • Test of the Key Components Underway • Need to Understand the Detector as a Whole System • Physics Motivated Optimization is Important • Test with the Beam is Important • Etc.

  44. ArgonTube: 5 m drift test Example of R&D for Huge Liq. Ar TPC: GLACIER Charge readout with extraction from liquid phase & amplification in gas phase for long drifts A. Rubbia hep-ph/0402110 Venice, NO-VE 2003 Electronic racks GAr Charge readout plane E ≈ 3 kV/cm Extraction grid E-field LAr E≈ 1 kV/cm Field shaping electrodes Cathode (- HV) UV & Cerenkov light readout photosensors Large area DUV sensitive photosensors Greinacher voltage multiplier up to MV

  45. R&D for Water Cherenkov Photo sensor solution • Photo sensor gives a sizable portion in the total cost of the experiments. • There are two propositions to give the solution • PMT with small size (conservative approach) by French team (PMm2) with PHOTONIS • New photo sensor (aggressive approach) by Japanese team with Hamamatsu T.Abe

  46. Importance of Resolution (1) • “Resolution” includes; • neutrino interaction • Fermi motion • Nuclear interaction for final state particles. • Vertex nuclear activities (e.g. nuclear break up signal) • NC p0 event shape including vertex activity • detector medium • Ionization • Scintillation • Charge/light correlation • Signal quenching (amount of ionization charge/scinti. light is non-linear to dE/dx. E.g.including recombination ) • hadron transport • Signal diffusion and attenuation • readout system including electronics • Signal and Noise Ratio • Signal amplification • Signal shaping • reconstruction • Pattern recognition • p0 event shape • Particle ID We assume these effects causes Gaussian resolution, then see the results NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008

  47. Importance of Resolution(2) perfect • Assuming constant Gaussian resolution • independent on energy • Looks resolution is crucial (100MeV at most) 40 20 0 deg 90 deg 200MeV 5 0 0 5 40 60 270 deg 180 deg 100MeV NP08 (@Mito) on Mar-6-2008 0 5 0 5

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