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EMERGING BusINESS MODELS IN JOURNALISM

EMERGING BusINESS MODELS IN JOURNALISM. DR. SARPHAN UZUNOGLU ASSIST. PROF. OF MULTIMEDIA JOURNALISM. OUTLINE. What is wrong with journalism industry: A GENERAL introduction. WHAT IS WRONG WITH JOURNALISM INDUSTRY: LEADING PROBLEMS. Challenges in journalism industry.

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EMERGING BusINESS MODELS IN JOURNALISM

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  1. EMERGING BusINESS MODELS IN JOURNALISM DR. SARPHAN UZUNOGLU ASSIST. PROF. OF MULTIMEDIA JOURNALISM

  2. OUTLINE

  3. What is wrong with journalism industry: A GENERAL introduction

  4. WHAT IS WRONG WITH JOURNALISM INDUSTRY:LEADING PROBLEMS

  5. Challenges in journalism industry

  6. OPPORTUNITIESin journalism industry

  7. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM INDUSTRY: 3 DIMENSIONS

  8. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: EMPLOYMENT DIMENSION • From 2008 to 2017, newsroom employment in the U.S. dropped by 23%. • In 2008, about 114,000 newsroom employees – reporters, editors, photographers and videographers – worked in five industries that produce news: newspaper, radio, broadcast television, cable and “other information services” (the best match for digital-native news publishers). By 2017, that number declined to about 88,000, a loss of about 27,000 jobs. • Media outlets defining themselves as newspapers got the most damage by the crisis.

  9. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: EMPLOYMENT DIMENSION • Total employment is reduced from 71K to 39K. • Newspaper publishers are damaged by the crisis the most. • There are lay-offs in digital-born news outlets as well.

  10. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: EMPLOYMENT DIMENSION • Newsroom employees are more than twice as likely as other U.S. workers to be college graduates. • Newsroom employees earn less than other college-educated workers in U.S. • However, the median annual earnings of newsroom employees are about $48,000, compared with about $39,000 for all other workers. • Ethnical and social-class backgrounds of journalists mostly isolate them from the readers. • Journalism education is extremely expensive.

  11. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: EMPLOYMENT DIMENSION General overview Precariousness in the MENA Newsrooms

  12. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: EMPLOYMENT DIMENSION Employer’s perspective Precariousness in the MENA Newsrooms

  13. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION

  14. Advertising FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • In 2017, according to eMarketer estimates, digital advertising in US Market grew to $90 billion, an increase from $72 billion in 2016. It was estimated to comprise 44% of all advertising revenue, up from 37% in 2016. • 2017 Pew Digital News Factsheet

  15. Advertising FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • 2017 Pew Digital News Factsheet

  16. Advertising FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • 2017 Pew Digital News Factsheet

  17. Advertising FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • 2017 Pew Digital News Factsheet

  18. Subscription FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • The average number of people paying for online news has edged up in many countriesfrom 2017 to 2018, with significant increases coming from Norway (+4 percentage points), Sweden (+6), and Finland (+4).All these countries have a small number of publishers, the majority of whom are relentlessly pursuing a variety of paywall strategies. • In more complex and fragmented markets, there are still many publishers who offer online news for free. • 2017’s significant increase in subscription in the United States (the so-called Trump Bump) has been maintained in 2018, while donations and donation-based memberships are emerging as a significant alternative strategy in Spain, and the UK as well as in the United States. Global Scale

  19. Subscription FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION A research on pay models of news outlets in Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdomfound out that: • 66% percent of the newspapers operate a pay model. • Freemium models, where some content is freely available, but premium material only available for paying users, are the most widely used, followed by metered paywalls that allow free access to a limited number of articles each month before requiring payment. • 71% of weekly newspapers and news magazines operate a pay model. • All broadcasters offer free access to their digital news. This includes both private sector broadcasters like RTL in Germany or TF1 in France and public service media like the BBC in the UK or RAI in Italy. • Almost all (97%) the digital-born news media offer free access to their news. • Looking only at those news organisations who operate a pay model, the average price for the cheapest available monthly subscription (without discounts) is €13.64 (£11.56). Prices range from €2.10 (£1.78) to €54.27 (£46) a month. They found that most newspapers and news magazines across Europe are moving away from digital news offered for free and supported primarily by display advertising, and are cultivating a wider range of sources of revenue, including various pay models in addition to native advertising, ecommerce, events etc. (Cornia et al., 2016). European Scale

  20. Subscription FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION European Scale

  21. Subscription FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • Grants & Funds Especially in the MENA countries, where there is high level of concentration of ownership in media landscape, Western countries offer huge grants and funds for «independent» news related projects

  22. Subscription FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: REVENUE DIMENSION • Grants & Funds • Crowdfunding & Donations While journalists aren’t able to create subscription modules or their audience refuses to subscribe, donation might be a good way to gather some financial support.

  23. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION

  24. FINANCIAL CRISIS OF JOURNALISM: TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSION • Above are some of the predictions by Reuters Institute of Journalism about short-term technology or platform related developments in the news industry.

  25. Savıng the future of journalısm:MODELS AND CASES

  26. DevelopIng better SUBSCRIPTION & COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT models: WSJ Case

  27. DEVELOPING HYBRID SUBSCRIPTION MODELS:DAGENS NYETHER Swedish newspaper DagensNyheter knows there’s more than one way to build a paywall.

  28. DevelopIng better SUBSCRIPTION & DONATION models: THE GUARDIAN CASE

  29. DevelopIng better SUBSCRIPTION & DONATION models: THE GUARDIAN IN U.S.

  30. DevelopIng better SUBSCRIPTION & DONATION models: NeueZürcherZeitungCASE

  31. DevelopIng Communıty relatıons:MEMBERSHIP EDITOR

  32. Personalızed newsletters AND AI versus subscrıber churn

  33. OLDIES BUT GOLDIES:PREMIUM CONTENT by Techcrunch https://techcrunch.com/extracrunch/

  34. PolITICO EUROPE:NEW PRODUCTS, NEW SUBSCRIBERS https://www.politico.eu/why-go-pro/

  35. The SUN’S PRAGMATICLOYALTY PROGRAM

  36. HARMONY OF CROWDFUNDING AND GRANTS: THE CASE OF RUŞEN ÇAKIR AND MEDYASCOPE

  37. TURNING DONATION CAMPAIGNS AND CROWDFUNDING INTO AN OPPORTUNUTY: THE CASE OF ÜNSAL ÜNLÜ

  38. TURNING DONATION CAMPAIGNS AND CROWDFUNDING INTO AN OPPORTUNUTY: THE CASE OF CÜNEYT ÖZDEMİR

  39. EMERGING BusINESS MODELS IN JOURNALISM DR. SARPHAN UZUNOGLU ASSIST. PROF. OF MULTIMEDIA JOURNALISM

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