Hardware and Software

1. IS 130 Information systems 1 Hardware and Software Chapter 2 – Part 2

2. Overview of Software • Computer programs: • Sequences of instructions for the computer. • Documentation: • Describesprogram functions to help the useroperate the computer system.

3. Types of software

4. Systems Software Systems Software 1- Operating systems 2- Utility programs

5. 1- Operating systems

6. Operating Systems • Set of programs that controls computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs. • Can controlone computer or multiple computers. • The role of the operating system: • to act as an interface between application software and hardware.

7. Operating Systems • Combinations of OSs, computers, and users:

8. Operating Systems (continued) • Activities performed by the operating system: • Perform common computer hardware functions. • Provide a user interface and input/output management. • Provide a degree of hardware independence. • Manage system memory. • Manage processing tasks. • Provide networking capability. • Control access to system resources. • Manage files.

9. Operating Systems (continued) 1- Perform common computer hardware functions: • Get input from keyboard or another input device. • Retrieve data from disks. • Store data on disks. • Display information on a monitor or printer.

10. Operating Systems (continued) 2- Provide a user interface and input/output management One of the most important functions of any OS is providing a user interface: • The element of the operating system that allows individuals to access and command the computer system. • Types: • Command-based user interface: • Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities • Graphical user interface (GUI): • Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system.

11. Operating Systems (continued) 3- Application program interface (API): • The API links application software to the operating system, providinghardware independence for software developers. • Programmers can use APIs to create application software without understanding the inner workings of the operating system.

12. Operating Systems (continued) 4- Memory management: • Allows computer to execute program instructions effectively and to speed processing. • virtual memory: allocates space on the hard disk to supplement the immediate, functional memory capacity of RAM. • Virtual memory works by swapping programs or parts of programs between memory and one or more disk devices. • To reduces CPU idle time. • To increases the number of jobs that can run in a given time span.

13. Operating Systems (continued) 5- Processing tasks: Task management software allows: • Multitasking • More than one program can run at the same time. • Time-sharing • Allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time. • Scalability • Ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly.

14. Operating Systems (continued) 6- Networking capability: • Allows computers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources. 7- Access to system resources and security: • Protection against unauthorized access. • OS establishes a logon procedure. 8- File management: • Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users

15. Current Operating Systems

16. 2- Utility Programs

17. Utility Programs • Help to performmaintenance or correctproblems with a computer system • Some can helpcomputer systems runbetter and longerwithout problems. • Can help to secure and protect data. • Although many PC utility programs come installed on computers, you can also purchase utility programs separately.

18. Utility Programs (continued)

19. Application Software • Application programs: • Interact with systems software. • Help you perform common tasks, such as: • Creating and formatting text documents. • Performing calculations. • Managing information.

20. Application Software Application Software Proprietary software Off-the-shelf software Application service provider (ASP ) Software as a service (SaaS) Cloud Computing

21. Types and Functions of Application Software • Proprietary software: In-house system development • One-of-a-kind software designed for a specific application and owned by the company, organization, or person that uses it. • Off-the-shelf software: • Software mass-produced by software vendors to address needs that are common across businesses, organizations, or individuals.

22. A Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software

23. Types and Functions of Application Software • Application service provider (ASP): • Company that can provide software, support, and computer hardware on which to run the software from • the user’s facilities over a network. • Advantages : • contract customization of off-the-shelf software. • speed deployment of new applications while helping IS managers avoid implementation headaches . • reducing the need for many skilledIS staff members. • decreasing project start-up expenses.

24. Types and Functions of Application Software • Disadvantages : • sensitive information could be compromised in a number of ways, including unauthorized access by employees or computer hackers. • the ASP might not be able to keep its computers and networkup and running as consistently as necessary. • a disaster could disable the ASP’s data center, temporarily putting an organization out of business.

25. Types and Functions of Application Software • Software as a service (SaaS): • Allows businesses to subscribe to Web-delivered business application software by paying a monthly service charge or a per-use fee. • Like ASP, SaaS providers maintainsoftware on their own servers and provide access to it over the Internet. • uses a Web browser-based user interface. • Can reduce expenses by sharing its running applications among many businesses.

26. Types and Functions of Application Software • Cloud computing: • Use of computing resources on the Internet (the cloud) rather than on local computers. • Rather than installing, storing, and running software on your own computer, with cloud computing, you use the Web browser to accesssoftwarestored and delivered from a Web server. • The data generated by the software is also stored on the Web server. • Collaborate with others by sharing documents on the Internet.

27. Personal Application Software

28. Personal Application Software • word processing : • Used to writereports, letters, or term papers. • can be used to create, edit, and printdocuments. • checking spelling, creating tables, inserting formulas, creatinggraphics, and much more. • Ex. Microsoft Word. • Spreadsheet Analysis: • Used to prepare budgets, forecast profits, analyze insurance programs, summarize income tax data, and analyze investments. • Has Features include graphics, limited database capabilities, statistical analysis, built-in business functions. • Ex. Microsoft Excel.

29. Personal Application Software • Database Applications: • are ideal for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data. • useful when you need to manipulate a large amount of data and produce reports and documents. • Ex. Microsoft Access. • Graphic Programs : • can be used to developadvertising brochures, announcements, and full-color presentations. • Ex. Microsoft PowerPoint

30. Personal Application Software • Personal Information Managers (PIMs) : • helpindividuals, groups, and organizationsstoreuseful information, such as a list of tasks to complete or a list of names and addresses. • Some PIMs allow you to schedule and coordinategroup meetings. • Ex. Microsoft Outlook

31. Advantages 1. Cost less than buying individual packages. 2. All have similar GUI. 3. Programs designed to work well together. Software Suites and Integrated Software Packages • Software Suites • A software suite is a collection of single programs packaged together in a bundle. • Software suites can include a word processor, spreadsheet, database management system, graphics program, communications tool, organizer, and more.

32. Personal Application Software • Major Components of Leading Software Suites:

33. Advantages 1. Many functions for lower price. 2. Uses less disk space. Personal Application Software • Integrated Software Packages: • Integrated packages combine the functions of several programs into one package. • Ex. Microsoft Works is one program that contains basic word processing, spreadsheet, database, address book, calendar, and other applications.

34. Examples of Personal Application software

35. Mobile Application Software • Operating systems designed for smartphones include: • OS X iPhone, Android. • Many applications have been developed by third parties for the iPhone.

36. Mobile Application Software

37. Workgroup Application Software • Supportteamwork, whether people are in the same location or dispersed around the world. • Groupware: • Software that helps groups of people work together more effectively. • E.g., Lotus Notes, , Microsoft Groove , Novell GroupWise.

38. Enterprise Application Software • Software that benefits an entire organization. • Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software: • Set of integrated programs that manage a company’s vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization • Ex. SAP

39. Programming Languages • Sets of keywords, symbols, and rules for constructing statements that people can use to communicate instructions to a computer. • Involves translating what a user wants to accomplish into instructions that the computer can understand and execute.

40. Questions .. Thank you for listening 40 Fundamentals of Information Systems, Sixth Edition