unit05

1. unit05

2. Lesson 1 UNIT GOALS Agenda 1. Politely ask someone not to do something 2. Complain about public conduct 3. Discuss social responsibility 4. Identify and discuss urban problems 5. Write about public health Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Extended Exercises Checkpoint

3. 3 3 3 Lesson 1 Lesson 1 Lead-in Listening Speaking Reading Writing

4. 3 Lead-in 1-Lead-in On-the-Street Interviews: I enjoy living in the city because … Exercise A Exercise B

5. Exercise A 1-Exercise A Circle the letter of the best choice to complete each statement. 1. Chris says people in cities can on first impression seem _____ than people in the suburbs. a. more intelligent b. ruder c. more stressed out 2. Emma likes living in the city because _____. a. of cultural events b. of her short commute c. of the convenience

6. Exercise A 1-Exercise A-2 3. According to Jessica, one advantage of living in the suburbs is that ______. a. it’s quieter b. people are friendlier c. it’s less expensive 4. One of the reasons Natalie likes living in the city is the ______. a. culture b. social life c. employment opportunities 5. Jessica thinks that ______. a. life in the city is better b. life in the suburbs is better c. life in both the city and suburbs is good

7. Exercise B 1-Exercise B Answer the questions, using information from the video. 1. On an average day, who probably sees the most children in her neighborhood? ________ 2. Who commutes by public transportation? ________ 3. Who would probably be happy living in either the city or the suburbs? ________ 4. Who would probably choose to vacation somewhere other than a city? ________ 5. Who appreciates the convenience of shopping in the city? ________ 6. Who thinks that life in the city is more stressful than life in the suburbs? ________ Emma Natalie Jessica Natalie Emma Chris

8. 3 3 Listening 1-Listening Part 1 Part 2 New Words Phrases and Expressions

9. 3 Part 1 1-L-Part 1 Talk About City Life A. Sound Bites B. Pair Work

10. A. Sound Bites 1-part-1 Read and listen to a conversation about city life. Don: Hey, Kyle! So how’s the big city treating you? Kyle: Funny you should ask. Not great. Don: What do you mean? Kyle: Well, on my way here, I’m crossing the street and this guy in an SUV turns the corner and almost runs me over. “the city” Don: Are you serious? Kyle: Yeah. The driver was in such a big hurry he didn’t even notice. I just can’t keep up with the pace here. Don: Well, you do have to learn to stay on your toes in the city. Kyle: It really gets to me sometimes. I don’t think I’ll ever get used to it. I guess I’m just a country boy at heart.

11. B. Pair Work 1-L-Exercise B Pair Work Read the conversation again. With a partner, explain the meaning of each of the following statements or questions. • “So how’s the big city treating you?” • _________________________________ • 2. “I just can’t keep up with the pace here.” • _________________________________ • 3. “You do have to learn to stay on your toes.” • _________________________________ • 4. “It really gets to me sometimes.” • _________________________________ • 5. “I’m just a country boy at heart.” • _________________________________ How do you like living in the city? Things move too fast for me here. You have to pay attention and be alert all the time. “the country” It bothers me sometimes. I prefer living in the country.

12. B. Pair Work 1-L-Exercise B Pair Work STARTINGPOINT What are some advantages and disadvantages of living in each type of place? Write them in the chart. clean air, low crime, friendly people, less stress, slower pace boring, no jobs, too far from good health care noises, crowded convenient less convenient, friendly people, far from good health care Discussion. Where would you prefer for live—in the country, the city, or the suburbs? Why?

13. 3 3 Part 2 1-L-Part 2 Discuss Social Responsibility A. Vocabulary B. Pair Work C. Listening Comprehension D. Discussion

14. A. Vocabulary 1-part-2-a Ways to perform community service.

15. B. Pair Work 1-L-2Exercise B Pair Work Would you ever consider doing any of the community service activities in the vocabulary? With a partner, explain why you would or would not. “I would never consider donating my organs because it’s against my beliefs.”

16. C. Listening Comprehension 1-part-2-c Read the questions and listen to part 1 of the story about Nicholas Green and his family. Take notes on your notepad. Then summarize the first part of the story with your partner. Where were the Greens from? What were they doing in Italy? What happened to Nicholas? What decision did his parents make? How did the Italian people react? Nicholas Green, age seven, in Switzerland, a few days before he and his family went to Italy They were from California in the United States. They were on vacation. He was shot and died. They decided to donate his organs to people who were sick. They were very moved.

17. D. Discussion 1-part-2-d Read the questions and listen to Part 2. Discuss your answers with a partner. 1. What changes occurred in Italy after the Greens made their decision? What is “The Nicholas Effect”? 2. How many people received one of Nicholas’s organs? What effect did his gift have on their lives? 3. As a result of this incident, what are the Greens doing today? People started to think differently about organ donation. The number of people who were willing to become organ donors increased by three to four hundred percent. Seven. One woman was able to see and the rest had their lives saved. They work to support organ donation.

18. New Words 1-New Words ★ donate v. give something to a person or an organization in order to help them 捐赠, 赠予

19. Phrases and Expressions 1-Phrases and Expressions in a big hurry 非常匆忙 keep up with the pace 跟上节奏、步伐 stay on one’s toe 落脚

20. 3 3 Speaking 1-speaking Politely Ask Someone Not to Do Something A. Conversation Snapshot B. Grammar C. Rewrite Sentences

21. Conversation Snapshot 1-speaking A: Do you mind my smoking here? B: Actually, smoking kind of bothers me. I hope that’s not a problem. A: Not at all. I can step outside. B: That’s very considerate of you. Thanks for asking. Rhythm and intonation practice Ways to soften an objection I hope that’s not a problem. I hope you don’t mind. I hope it’s OK / all right. I don’t mean to inconvenience you.

22. Conversation Snapshot 1-S-Strategies for Speaking Strategies for Speaking • Use Do you mind to express concern that an intended action may offend • Use actually to object politely • Use expressions such as I hope that’s not a problem to soften an objection • Say Not at all to indicate a willingness to comply

23. B. Grammar 1-S-B Grammar Possessiveswith gerunds.

24. C. Rewrite Sentences 1-S-C Combine the two statements, using a possessive with a gerund. Example: They allow smoking. I’m not in favor of it. I’m not in favor of their allowing smoking. 1. He plays his MP3 player in the library. I don’t appreciate that. __________________________________________________ 2. They smoke cigars in the car. My mother objects to it. __________________________________________________ 3. She’s talking on her cell phone. We don’t mind it. __________________________________________________ 4. My brother litters. I’m really annoyed by it. __________________________________________________ I don’t appreciate his playing his MP3 player in the library. My mother objects to their smoking cigars in the car. We don’t mind her talking on her cell phone. I’m really annoyed by my brother’s littering.

25. 3 3 Reading 1-Reading Text A Text B Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary Activity

26. 3 3 Text A Text A Warm-up Text Exercises

27. Warm-up Warm-up 1. Do you like to live in a big city? Why or why not? 2. What is the ideal big city like in your mind? Please describe it.

28. Text A texta-1 Canberra: A Planned City Are planned cities too sterile? Not according to most people who live in or visit Canberra, Australia. With a population of just over 323 000, it is not a megacity — but it is Australia’s largest inland city and its capital. Opinions of the entirely planned city cite plenty of pros and not a lot of cons. According to the travel guide Lonely Planet, it is “a picturesque spot with beautiful galleries and museums, as well as excellent restaurants, bars, and cafes.” One of the world’s greenest cities, Canberra is surrounded by nature reserves, and a great deal of city land was set aside for parks and gardens. Canberra is proof that — with proper planning — the environment can be preserved in densely populated cities and towns.

29. Text A texta-2 Canberra also has excellent infrastructure. With wide roads that use roundabouts, rather than traffic lights, to regulate the flow of traffic, the city offers the shortest average commute times in Australia. Most city roads also have bike lanes, making cycling an important form of transportation in Canberra. As a result of careful planning, Canberra offers the benefits of city living without the urban problems such as pollution and traffic. Not only does Canberra have clean air and water and good roads, but it also has affordable housing (cheaper than Sydney or Melbourne) and an abundance of health-care facilities. As the seat of Australia’s government, Canberra has low unemployment and high education and income levels. It is a relatively safe city, with no murders reported in the 1999/2000 financial year. Canberra shows that planned cities can be great places to live and work.

30. 3 Exercises Exercises Exercise A Exercise B

31. Exercise A Exercises A Check whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). 1. Canberra suffers from a lack of culture and entertainment. 2. Transportation is a problem in Canberra. 3. Canberra has high levels of pollution. 4. Housing is not a problem for most people in Canberra. 5. A high percentage of people in Canberra cannot find work. 6. Crime is low in Canberra. F F F T F T

32. Exercise B Exercises B list one aspect of life in Canberra that appeals to you. Explain your answer.

33. 3 3 Text B Text B Warm-up Text Comprehension Exercises

34. Warm-up TB-Warm-up What problems do you think cities of 10 million or more people might share? Discuss and share your opinion with your partner.

35. Text B textb-1 Mexico City over 18 million (2005) The Advent of the Megacity Following is an interview with Dr. Janice Perlman, founder and president of Mega-Cities Project, Inc. Her organization attempts to make cities worldwide more livable places by taking good ideas from one place and trying to make them work in another. Q. How do you define “megacity”? A. We define megacities in our work as cities that have reached populations of 10 million or more. The majority of these are in developing countries. Migration to the city is the route for many people to greater choice, opportunity, and well-being. By coming to settle in the city, they have in effect “voted with their feet.” Q. Why are these places going to be very important in the next hundred years? A. The 21st century won’t be a century of rural areas and small towns but of giant cities that will set the standard of how we live, how our environment is preserved (or not preserved), how our economies work, and what kind of civil society we develop. Q. Do megacities in the developed and developing world differ, or are they linked by certain similarities?

36. Text B textb-2 A. These large cities have a lot more in common with each other than they do with the small towns and villages in their own countries. For example, every megacity struggles with a widening gap between rich and poor. Every “first-world” city, such as Los Angeles, New York, London, or Tokyo, has within it a “third-world” city of poverty and deprivation. And every thirdworld city, such as Calcutta, Cairo, or Mexico City, has within it a first-world city of high culture, technology, fashion, and finance. Tokyo over 28 million (2005) In addition, all megacities share the problems of providing jobs and economic opportunities, and making housing, education, and health care available. They deal with crime and violence, as well as basic infrastructure such as water, sanitation, and public transportation. This is no easy task. The leaders of these cities recognize that they have similar problems, and they would like to learn more from other cities, particularly about successful solutions. If we are going to create livable cities for the next century, we will need to be clever enough to do it through collaboration and cooperation. That is why the Mega-Cities Project works to share experiences that work across boundaries of culture and geography.

37. Text B textb-3 Q. Is the solution to urban problems strict central planning? A. Absolutely not. We need decentralized planning that includes local citizens. In my view, attempts to create planned cities or communities — like Brasília or Chandigarh — are too sterile and miss the spontaneity of cities that grew organically, like Rio de Janeiro, Bombay, or even New York City. The best example of urban planning I’ve seen recently is in Curitiba, Brazil, which set up a brilliant public transportation system in anticipation of population growth. The historic areas of cities like Siena, Paris, or Barcelona all have elements of planning that led to buildings of similar heights and architecture, but they were not centrally planned. There is a lot of diversity within the design, and people love to go to those cities. Megacities are really very exciting places. The truth is, I’ve never met a megacity that I didn’t like! Source: U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division

38. 3 Comprehension Exercises TB- Comprehension Exercises Exercise A Exercise B

39. Exercise A TB-Exercises A Check whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). 1. According to Dr. Janice Perlman, most megacities are livable places for people. ( ) 2. Settling in the city means greater choice, opportunity and well-being to people. ( ) 3. Large cities have nothing in common with each other. ( ) 4. All megacities share the problem in getting employment, housing, education and health care. ( ) 5. According to the interviewee, most megacities are in developed country. ( ) 6. From the passage, it can be inferred that nearly all megacities were not decentralized. ( ) 7. Leaders of megacities have realized the similar problems and began to learn more from each other. ( ) 8. According to Dr. Janice Perlman, she hates megacities. ( ) F T F T F T T F

40. Exercise B TB-Exercises B Discussion 1. Why does Dr. Perlman say she prefers cities that are not planned over planned cities? ___________________________________________________________ 2. Why do you think Dr. Perlman thinks megacities are exciting? Do you agree? ___________________________________________________________ 3. Do you live in a megacity, or have you ever visited one? What are the pros and cons of living in a megacity? ___________________________________________________________ 4. Do you think life in megacities will improve in the future or get worse? Why? ___________________________________________________________ Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Answers will vary.

41. Vocabulary Exercise 1-Vocabulary Exercises Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words chosen from the box. Change the forms where necessary. link advent preserve absolutely spontaneity well-being gap collaboration anticipation element 1. There is a strong _____________ between population growth and the increase in what are called greenhouse gases. 2. The _____________ of the Web as a research tool has greatly expanded the availability of information while reducing the amount of time needed on each task. 3. Life is made up, not of great sacrifices or duties, but of little things, in which smiles and kindness, and small obligations win and _____________ the heart. 4. It is _____________ essential for all the applicants to be interviewed one by one. 5. Winfrey’s talent for public performance and _____________ in answering questions helped her win fame. link advent preserve absolutely spontaneity

42. Vocabulary Exercise 1-Vocabulary Exercises link advent preserve absolutely spontaneity well-being gap collaboration anticipation element 6. Post-retirement employment appears to be beneficial for the psychological _____________ of those who have retired. 7. The government will have to raise taxes to plug the _____________ between revenue and spending. 8. Scientists hope the work done in _____________ with other researchers may be duplicated elsewhere. 9. The architect and the decorator try to sustain and increase this excitement and _____________ as the spectator moves through the theater. 10. The single most important _____________ that separates ordinary photographs from good photographs is the lighting. well-being gap collaboration anticipation element

43. Vocabulary Activity 1-Vocabulary Activity Match the name of the city with the country, which it belongs to. A. Tokyo a. Britain B. Brasilia b. France C. Bombay c. Brazil D. Mexico City d. India E. Los Angeles e. Egypt F. Barcelona f. Mexico G. Cairo g. United States H. Paris h. Spain I. London i. Japan

44. 3 3 Writing 1-Writing Formal Letters Step 1 Prewriting Step 2 Writing Step 3 Self-Check Step 4 Peer Response

45. Complain About a Problem 1-Writing Formal letters

46. Step 1 Prewriting. Listing ideas. 1-Step1 Prewriting Think of a problem in your community that you would like to complain about. List reasons why it is a problem.

47. Step 2 Writing 1-Step 2 Writing On a separate sheet of paper, use your notes to write a letter of complaint. State what you intend to do or what you would like to see done. Remember to use the appropriate level of formality.

48. Step 3 Self-Check 1-Step 3 Self-Check □ Did you use the proper salutation and closing? □ Are the tone and language in the letter appropriate for the audience? □ Did you use regular spelling and punctuation and avoid abbreviations?

49. Step 4 Peer Response 1-Step 4 Peer Response Exchange letters with a partner. Write an appropriate response to your partner’s letter, as if you were the person to whom it was addressed.

50. 3 3 Lesson 2 Lesson 2 Listening Speaking Reading Writing