Basic Fact Week of: 3/18/13-3/22/13

1. Basic Fact Week of: 3/18/13-3/22/13 3/18/13 – Jeannette Rankin was the first female elected to Congress. 3/20/13 – McCulloch v. Maryland established broad interpretation of the Constitution. 3/21/13 – Marbury v. Madison established Supreme Court judicial review.

2. The Constitution Objectives: TLW identify the structure and function of the U.S. Constitution. Standard: 5.2 understand specific historical documents and institutions which shaped the principles of the U.S. Constitution.

3. Parts of the Constitution Structure Parts 7,000 words Establishes the power of government Does not spell out everything Preamble – due next Fri. Introduction Why was it written? Provide stability and order Protect citizens’ liberties Serve the people

4. Articles • Articles 1-3, set up three branches of government • Legislative branch • Executive branch • Judicial branch • Article IV – relationship of the states to one another • Article V – how to amend the Constitution • Article VI – Supremacy Clause • Article VII – ratification of the Constitution by the states would make it law.

5. Amendments • 1-10 – Bill of Rights • 11-27 – allows the Constitution to respond to the needs of today’s citizens.

6. Principles of the Constitution Objective: TLW will analyze the principles spelled out in the Constitution. Standard:

7. 6 Concepts • Popular Sovereignty • Federalism • Separation of Powers • Checks and Balances • Judicial Review • Limited Government

8. Three Branches of Government TLW identify the basic powers of each branch of government. Standard: 4.2 understand the role of constitutions in preventing abuses of government power. 4.6 understand the concept of federalism.

9. Legislative Branch • Enumerated Powers • Expressed Powers were numbered 1-18 in Article I • Elastic Clause – “Necessary & Proper Clause” • Allows the Constitution to continue to meet the needs of future generations. • McCulloch v. Maryland – Supreme Court ruled in favor of a broad interpretation

10. The Executive Branch • The Presidency • The Founders recognized the need for a strong executive to carry out the acts of Congress • Distrusted direct participation by the people • Can protect liberty, property and business • Check against the legislative branch • Broad and Vague Powers • Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces • Appoints heads of executive departments • Pardon criminals convicted of federal crimes • Makes treaties • Appoints ambassadors • State of the Union address • Head of State • Ensures laws are “faithfully executed”

11. The Judicial Branch • Article III of the Constitution • Supreme Court and lower federal courts decided by Congress • Justices (9) serve for life • 2 court systems • Federal courts whose powers are derived from the Constitution • State courts • Jurisdiction – or subject of the case determines which court will hear the case • Federal Courts hear cases involving US laws, treaties and interpretation of the Constitution, maritime law, bankruptcy • Judicial Review was spelled out in Marbury v. Madison • Allowed Supreme Court to balance the power of the other branches

12. Amending the Constitution http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/early-republic/resources/our-constitution-bill-rights-grades-10-12