Thursday, September 4, 2014:

1. Thursday, September 4, 2014: • Please take out your HW from Last night and be ready to correct it – if you have not finished it, do so now. • Be ready to take notes • Self assess your understanding of the SOM by checking your hw • Q and A from Activity • Matter Notes • What is Matter? • Identifying different types of matter • Separation Techniques • Matter Homework

2. Matter What is Matter? Identifying Pure Substances, Mixtures, and Compounds Separation Techniques SOM

3. Learning Targets for Today: • I can define Matter (DOK 1) • I can define the Law of Conservation of Matter (DOK 1) • I can distinguish between and define examples of: solution, suspension, colloid, and pure substances (DOK 1 and 2) • I can identify and explain the states of matter in terms of volume and shape (DOK 1 and 3) • I can identify and explain the states of matter in terms of movement of particles (DOK 1 and 3) I can assess when to use the different separation techniques (distillation, crystallization, chromatography, and filtration) (DOK 3) • I can compare various forms of matter to place them their distinct categories based on composition and properties (DOK 2 and 3)

4. What is Matter? • Anything that has mass and takes up space • Mass – the amount of matter that an object has • Volume-the amount of space an objects takes up

5. The law of Conservation of Matter • Matter cannot be created nor destroyed

6. Law of Conservation of Matter • What does it mean? • During a chemical reaction what goes in, must come out, it is just rearranged. • If 5 grams of sodium reacts with 10 grams of sulfur, how much sodium sulfide is produced? • 5 grams of Na + 10 grams of s = 15 grams of na2S • What is the amount of lithium chloride produced, if 9.9 grams of lithium reacts with 3.4 grams of chlorine? • 9.9 grams of Li + 3.4 grams Cl = 13.3 grams of LiCl (13 grams)

7. States of Matter • Matter occurs in four different states: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

8. STATES OF MATTER

9. Kinetic energy • Kinetic Energy (KE) – energy with motion • Kinetic Theory of matter – all matter is made of tiny constantly moving particles

10. solids • Has a definite shape and a definite volume • Very tightly packed particles • Particles move very slowly • Expands only slightly when heated • Have Low kinetic energy

11. liquids • Has definite volume, but no definite shape • Takes the shape of its container • Particles are slightly free, and move fairly fast • Almost incompressible particles • Tendency to expand when heated • Moderate kinetic energy

12. Gases • No definite shape or volume • Particles are spaced very far apart • Particles are free and very fast moving • Easily compressed (tanks of helium, nitrogen, etc) • Takes the shape and volume of it’s container • High kinetic energy

13. States of Matter

14. Plasma • Super heated, ionized gas (negatively charged particles) • No definite shape or volume • Extremely high temperatures • Particles are spaced very far apart • Particles are very fast moving • Easily compressed • Extremely high kinetic energy

15. Different forms of matter • Pure substances • Elements and Compounds • Mixtures • Heterogeneous and Homogenous

16. Different forms of matter

17. Pure Substances • Matter with a uniform composition • Matter that is always made up of the same ratio in a given order and cannot be separated by physical means

18. Substances: Elements and Compounds Elements Compounds • the simplest form of matter • cannot be separated • building blocks for all other substances • two or more elements chemically combined • has a definite ratio • can be separated by only a chemical process • properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it

19. Compounds – do not retain the individual element’s properties Properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements that make it. Example: Sodium (Na) – solid at room temperature that reacts violently with water Chlorine (Cl) – poisonous yellow-green gas at room temperature Sodium Chloride (NaCl) – white crystalline water soluble solid used as a food additive

20. Mixtures

21. Mixtures • Physical blend of two or more substances • No definite ratio • Can be separated by physical means

22. Two different types of mixtures heterogeneous homogenous • Does not have a uniform composition • Different components of the mixture are usually easy to identify • Has a uniform composition • Different components of the mixture are not easily identified • solution

23. Solutions • Solutions are homogenous mixtures, because it is difficult to identify the individual components that make them up • Solutions are composed of: • Solutes – what is dissolved in the solution • Solvents – what dissolves the solute Think of sweet tea – Sugar is the solute, because it is dissolved in the solvent, which is the tea.

24. Separation Techniques • Filtration • Distillation • Chromatography • Evaporation • Crystallization

25. Filtration • Used to remove solids from liquids • How coffee filters work • Filtration

26. Distillation • Using the difference in boiling points to separate two different liquids from each other. • Distillation • What do you think is a common use for distillation?

27. Chromatography Chromatography Separation technique to separate mixtures

28. Evaporation • A means of separating a solid out of a solution • Salt out of salt water Evaporation

29. Crystallization • A means of separating a solvent out of a super saturated solution • Crystallization • What are the sugar crystals, that he mentions at the end of the video?

30. Homework • You are to complete pages 4 and 5 both front and back for HW