Industrial Revolution (I.R.)

1. Industrial Revolution (I.R.) Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Chapter 5, Section 3

2. Please watch these 2 videos about the living and working conditions in the Industrial Revolution • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mM9tzM31LFU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohGyBYzZoig

3. Introduction • I.R made factory owners rich • Poverty and harsh working/living conditions • Dangerous factory working conditions • Unsafe and unsanitary housing • Overcrowded cities Un-

4. Urbanization • Rapid movement to cities • Changes in farming, population growth and demand for workers fueled urbanization • Small town grew into large factory cities

5. Population of Manchester • 17,000 people in 1750s • 40,000 people by 1780 • 70,000 people by 1801 • Polluted air • Noisy steam engines • Filthy stench of river

6. New Social Classes Emerge • New middle class • Middle class owned/operated factories, mines, railroads • Much better lifestyle than working class • Former farmers became mine or factory workers • Harsh working environment and terrible working conditions

7. Industrial Middle Class • IR created new middle class from diverse backgrounds • Middle class included merchants, skilled artisans, and inventors • Middle class lived comfortably (large homes, paved streets, supply of water)

8. Industrial Middle Class • Middle class ate well and wore fancy clothing • Middle class prided their hard work • Women of middle class stayed at home to raise children

9. Industrial Working Class • Lived in slums • Crowded housing • No running water • No sewage or sanitation • Rotted, stinky, garbage thrown into streets • Sewage dumped into rivers • Drinking water contaminated • Spread of disease

10. Polluted Rivers During the Industrial Revolution, your drinking water came from the same polluted rivers. People also bathed in the contaminated water.

11. Filthy Cities There were no environmental laws that banned the belching smokestacks.

12. Unsuccessful Worker Protests • Labor unions illegal • Secret unions sought to increase pay and improve working conditions • Workers had no political power to make changes • Inaction led to violence • Textile workers named Luddites rioted and smashed textile machines and burned factories

13. Life in Factories and Mines • Harsh working conditions • Long hours (12-16 hours) • Infrequent breaks • Tired workers suffered accidents • Machines lacked safety devices • Machines sucked in and cut off limbs • Lack of clean air in factories

14. Life in Factories and Mines • Most workers were women • Men were easier to manage • Women adapted easier to machines • Women paid half of what men earned • Women worked many hours outside the home • After work, women cared for their children and families

15. Miners • Worse conditions in mines • Miners worked in darkness • Inhaled coal dust • Super hot in the mines • Exposed to explosions, flooding, and collapsing tunnels • Women and children carried loads of coals to the surface

16. Dangerous Jobs for Children • Factories hired young children (as young as 5-7 yrs.) • Children operated unsafe machinery • Children worked all day in dark, poorly ventilated mines • Wages of child labor kept families from starving

17. Children Reform Laws • Reform laws called Factory Acts were passed • Limited child’s workday to 12 hours • Children under 8 or 9 removed from cotton mills • Laws not always enforced • Other laws shortened workday for women • Other laws required child workers to be educated

18. Results of Industrialization • Reform laws improved working conditions • Labor unions won right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions (positive) • Working class men earned right to vote • Demand for goods caused opening of new factories which created jobs (positive) • Wages rose (positive) • People had money left over for entertainment (positive) • Travel costs fell (positive)

19. Powerpoint Questions 1. How many people moved to Manchester between 1780 and 1801? 2. Identify the three groups that formed the middle class. (3 points) 3. If you were part of the industrial working class, what was thrown into the streets? 4. What was dumped into the rivers? 5. The working conditions in factories was ________. 6. How much more did men earn over women?

20. Powerpoint Questions (18 points) 7. How did the Factory Acts change 1) the working hours and 2) the age of workers? (2 points) 8. What did labor unions win? (3 points) 9. Why did factory workers lose their limbs in the machines? 10. What were miners exposed to while working in the mines? (3 points)

21. The End