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The Vocabulary Mapping Framework matrix

The Vocabulary Mapping Framework (VMF) is a funded project aimed at creating a tool to support the automated mapping of vocabularies from metadata standards to the JISC community. The framework is flexible, scalable, and non-prescriptive, allowing for engagement by different communities in vocabulary development and mapping.

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The Vocabulary Mapping Framework matrix

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  1. The Vocabulary Mapping Framework matrix Gordon Dunsire Presented to the Workshop on Conceptual Modelling for Archives, Libraries and Museums 28-29 Jan 2010, National Gallery, Helsinki

  2. Vocabulary Mapping Framework • Funded by UK’s Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) • Only first stage funded • Major expansion of the RDA/ONIX framework for resource categorization • To create a tool to support the automated mapping of vocabularies from metadata standards of use to the JISC community • Research, teaching, learning environments • Project conducted during second half of 2009

  3. A starting point: RDA outreach • Resource Description and Access • RDA outreach to other communities • RDA/ONIX framework • RDA and publishing community • DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative) RDA Task Group • Members from Dublin Core, IEEE-Learning Object Metadata, RDA, and W3C communities • Expressing RDA element set and value vocabularies in Resource Description Framework (RDF) • See D-Lib Magazine January/February 2010

  4. RDA alignment • RDA alignment with recent metadata models developed by IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) • Statement of International Cataloguing Principles • Stimulated IFLA project to develop RDF representation of FRBR (entity-relationship) model • RDF awaiting final approval

  5. Other IFLA activity • Study group to consider RDF/XML representation of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) • Model underpinning many national cataloguing schema, including MARC21 • Task group to consider general support for RDF/XML namespaces for IFLA “standards” • Consolidation of “FR” family of models, including Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) when finalised (2010+)

  6. Linked data (2009, mostly) • Increasing presence of “expert” metadata in the linked data pool • Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) • With relators to Rameau (French subject heading scheme) terms • Top-level Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) notations and captions (1000+) • In 9 languages • Top-level Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) notations and captions real soon now

  7. Opportunities and possibilities • If metadata schema (MARC21, UNIMARC, RDA, ISBD) in RDF • Then easier to parse instance data (catalogue records) into RDF • If very large quantities of legacy instance data available in RDF • Then latent associations (relationships) can be identified using statistical inferencing • E.g. Mapping of DDC notations to LCSH (WebDewey) • If critical mass of rich (diverse) RDF triples • Then utility of Semantic Web increases

  8. VMF requirements • VMF goal is to automatically compute the “best fit” mappings between any two pre-defined vocabularies • Scalable and extensible to accommodate new and changing vocabularies • Flexible to allow engagement by different communities in various stages of vocabulary development and mapping • Non-prescriptive to encourage uptake • And allow use beyond VMF (and RDF) environment

  9. VMF vocabularies • FRAD, FRBR, MARC21, RDA (libraries) • ONIX (book/serials publishing) • DDEX (recorded music) • Dublin Core (web metadata) • LOM SCORM (education) • DOI (any content) • CIDOC CRM (museums and archives) • MPEG21 RDD (digital rights) • RDA ONIX Framework (libraries and publishing) • Focus on Resource and Party (Agent) categories and relators between them • Increasing use of relators instead of attributes

  10. VMF data model • Based on Rightscom’s COA model, which grew from the <indecs> framework • Has much in common with FRBR and CIDOC CRM • Terms are mapped into an ontology (the VMF matrix) built up from “families” of concepts based on verbs • Concept families provide all possible points (“nodes”) in the VMF matrix for vocabulary terms to be mapped. • Nodes are generated automatically

  11. Concept family • Accommodates terms for roles, bi-directional relator pairs, uni-directional relators (properties), classes and attributes • FRBR class “Choreography” • vmf:ChoreographedDance • RDA role “choreographer” • vmf:ChoreographedDance_DanceChoreographer • RDA/ONIX attribute “language” • vmf:LexicalWork • DDEX role “Author” • Vmf:LexicalWork_Writer

  12. vmf:WordsCreator vmf:Adaptor vmf:WordsAdaptor vmf:Commentator vmf:Translator vmf:SubtitlesTranslator vmf:TranslatorAndCommentator Mapping to the matrix Every term in a vocabulary is given an equivalent term in a VMF concept family… onix:Translated by ddex:Translator Ddex:SubtitlesTranslator onix:Translated with commentary by From: Godfrey Rust (Rightscom) – How the VMF matrix works, Nov 2009

  13. Mapping scheme to scheme Queries can then be used to find the “best fit” mappings between two terms or complete vocabularies. vmf:WordsCreator vmf:Adaptor vmf:WordsAdaptor vmf:Commentator onix:Translated by vmf:Translator ddex:Translator vmf:SubtitlesTranslator ddex:SubtitlesTranslator vmf:TranslatorAndCommentator onix:Translated with commentary by From: Godfrey Rust (Rightscom) – How the VMF matrix works, Nov 2009

  14. Mapping scheme to scheme Queries can then be used to find the “best fit” mappings between two terms or complete vocabularies. vmf:WordsCreator vmf:Adaptor vmf:WordsAdaptor onix:Translated by vmf:Commentator vmf:Translator ddex:Translator vmf:SubtitlesTranslator Ddex:SubtitlesTranslator onix:Translated with commentary by vmf:TranslatorAndCommentator From: Godfrey Rust (Rightscom) – How the VMF matrix works, Nov 2009

  15. VMF matrix • Available (some constraints) from: • http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/VMF/documents.htm • Contains approximately: • 10 schemes • 53 vocabularies mapped in whole or part • 500+ concept families • 8000+ unique terms • 30,000+ RDF triples • RDF triples in TTL format • With or without sample vocabulary mappings • Some documentation also available

  16. Some applications • Metadata cross-walks • Between different vocabularies • E.g. Publisher metadata (ONIX) and library metadata (RDA) • Mapping of local, bespoke metadata schemes • From local scheme to global framework • Local metadata often specialised, specific, and unique

  17. Identification • VMF namespace URI for every mapped vocabulary term • Linked to published (scheme) URI for term • Scheme URI to be used as external referent • VMF is a black box • If term not mapped within VMF • Add to VMF • Forces review of internal VMF mappings • If no scheme URI, use VMF URI as referent? • Map to term already mapped within VMF • owl:equivalentClass; owl:equivalentProperty

  18. Thank you • g.dunsire@strath.ac.uk • VMF website • http://cdlr.strath.ac.uk/VMF/

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