Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia

1. Mass Depopulation & Euthanasia Non-Domestic and Aquatic Animal Euthanasia

2. Non-Domestic Zoological and Exhibition Animals

3. Euthanasia and Depopulation FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Euthanasia • Transitioning painlessly and stress-free as possible • Mass Depopulation • Large numbers, quickly and efficiently • Consideration to welfare as practicable • Terms used interchangeably here

4. Euthanasia and Depopulation FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • May be practiced during an animal health emergency • Goals of Euthanasia • Provide humane treatment • Select acceptable method • Minimize negative emotional impact • Safeguard food chain • Prevent or mitigate disease spread

5. Handling FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Goal: Humane Treatment • Careful restraint and handling to minimize distress, pain, and injury • Appropriate facilities • Humane and compatible with species involved • Competent, experienced personnel

6. Non-Domestic Animals FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Consult with experts when designing euthanasia plan • Zoo animals: USDA support • Game park animals: USDA lead • Handled only by trained personnel • May not metabolize drugs, handle stress like domestic species

7. Euthanasia- Free Ranging FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Acceptable • Noninhaledanesthetic • Conditionally Acceptable • Inhaled agents (anesthetics, inert gas) • Gunshot • Kill traps • Captive bolt

8. Euthanasia- Zoo Animals FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Potentially Acceptable • Noninhaledanesthetic • Potentially Conditionally Acceptable • Inhaled agents (anesthetics, inert gas) • Gunshot • Captive bolt

9. Gunshot or Captive Bolt FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Handling and restraint may cause extreme stress • Gunshot may be most practical • Cervids • Captive bolt if able to restrain • Free bullet also acceptable

10. Injectable Agents FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Projectile equipment (dart guns) • Wide variety available • Utilize powerful restraint agents • Used by veterinarians with specialized training

11. Confirmation of Death FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Confirmation of death can be difficult • Sustained lack of heartbeat and respiration • Rigor mortis • Evaluate by competent, experienced personnel

12. Finfish/Aquatic Invertebrates

13. Finfish/Aquatic Invertebrates FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals Little published information on aquatic euthanasia techniques Seek expertise

14. Euthanasia Methods FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals Physical methods Noninhaled methods Adjunctive methods

15. Confirmation of Death FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • Confirmation of death difficult in finfish/aquatic invertebrates • Loss of eyeroll • Sustained absence of cardiac activity • Loss of movement/reactivity • Flaccidity of body • Respiratory arrest

16. For More Information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals • FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines& SOP: Mass Depopulationand Euthanasia (MDE) (2011) • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/ • MDE web-based training module • http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

17. Guidelines Content FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: MDE-Non-Domestic Animals Authors (CFSPH): • ReneéDewell DVM,MS • Nichollette Rider, Veterinary Student Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS: • Lori P. Miller, PE • Darrel K. Styles, DVM, PhD

18. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Authors: Dawn Bailey, BS; Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM Reviewers: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM: Cheryl L. Eia, JD, DVM, MPH, Patricia Futoma, BS, Veterinary Student, ReneéDewell DVM,MS