Getting to California

1. Ch 19 Sec 4: America Closer to War loophole– a way to work around an existing law. FDR used one to go around the 1939 Neutrality Act by exchanging used battleships for the right to build naval bases on British territory Election of 1940 – FDR becomes the only President elected to a third term easily defeating Wendell Willkie with a promise to keep America out of a foreign war Lend-Lease Act – in another loophole to the Neutrality Acts, rather than sell weapons to the Allies he lends and leases ships to England Hemispheric Defense Zone – FDR declares any attack on the Western Hemisphere will be looked at as an attack on the United States. Getting to California

2. Chapter Objectives Section 4: America Enters the War Explain how Roosevelt helped Britain while maintaining official neutrality. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 5

3. Guide to Reading Main Idea After World War II began, the United States attempted to continue its prewar policy of neutrality. Key Terms and Names America First Committee Atlantic Charter  strategic materials Lend-Lease Act  hemispheric defense zone  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-1

4. FDR Supports England Two days after Britain and France declared war against Germany, President Roosevelt declared the United States neutral. (pages 601–602) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-5

5. FDR Supports England The Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed warring countries to buy weapons from the United States as long as they paid cash and carried the arms away on their own ships. (pages 601–602) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-5

6. FDR Supports England (cont.) President Roosevelt used a loophole in the Neutrality Act of 1939 and sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain in exchange for the right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands. (pages 601–602) Section 4-6

7. The Isolationist Debate The America First Committee opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies. Charles Lindberg giving a speech for “America First” Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-8

8. The Isolationist Debate After the German invasion of France and the rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk, American public opinion changed to favor limited aid to the Allies. (pages 602–603) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-8

9. The Isolationist Debate (cont.) President Roosevelt ran for an unprecedented third term as president in the election of 1940. Both Roosevelt and the Republican candidate, Wendell Willkie, said they would keep the United States neutral but assist the Allied forces. (pages 602–603) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-9

10. The Isolationist Debate (cont.) Roosevelt won by a large margin. (pages 602–603) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-9

11. Edging Toward War President Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease Act, which stated that the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” (pages 603–604) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-11

12. "Suppose my neighbor's home catches fire, and I have a length of garden hose four or five hundred feet away. If he can take my garden hose and connect it up with his hydrant, I may help him to put out his fire...I don't say to him before that operation, "Neighbor, my garden hose cost me $15; you have to pay me $15 for it."... I don't want $15--I want my garden hose back after the fire is over. " - Franklin Roosevelt (March 1941) In support of the Lend-Lease Act You Don’t Say 1-1

13. Edging Toward War Congress passed the act by a wide margin. (pages 603–604) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-11

14. Edging Toward War (cont.) In June 1941, in violation of the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Hitler began a massive invasion of the Soviet Union. (pages 603–604) Section 4-12

15. Edging Toward War (cont.) President Roosevelt developed the hemispheric defense zone, which declared the entire western half of the Atlantic as part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. This allowed Roosevelt to order the U.S. Navy to patrol the western Atlantic Ocean and reveal the location of German submarines to the British. (pages 603–604) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-13

16. Edging Toward War (cont.) In August 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill agreed to the Atlantic Charter. This agreement committed the two leaders to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas. (pages 603–604) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-14

17. Edging Toward War (cont.) After a German U-boat fired on the American destroyer Greer, Roosevelt ordered American ships to follow a “shoot-on-sight” policy toward German submarines. Germans torpedoed and sank the American destroyer Reuben James in the North Atlantic. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-15

18. Japan Attacks the United States Roosevelt’s primary goal between August 1939 and December 1941 was to help Britain and its allies defeat Germany. (pages 604–606) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-17

19. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. B __ 1. materials needed for fighting a war __ 2. national policy during World War II that declared the Western Hemisphere to be neutral and that the United States would patrol this region against German submarines A. hemispheric defense zone B. strategic materials A Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Section 4-23

20. The Isolationist Debate (cont.) What caused many Americans to change their opinion about United States neutrality? After the German invasion of France and the rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk, American public opinion changed to favor limited aid to the Allies. (pages 602–603) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4-10

21. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4

22. FDR Supports England (cont.) How did President Roosevelt support Britain in the war effort? President Roosevelt used a loophole in the Neutrality Act of 1939 and sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain in exchange for the right to build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and Caribbean islands. (pages 601–602) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4-7

23. Edging Toward War (cont.) How did President Roosevelt get around American neutrality in order to aid the British? (pages 603–604) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4-16

24. Edging Toward War (cont.) President Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease Act, which stated that the United States could lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” President Roosevelt developed the hemispheric defense zone, which declared the entire western half of the Atlantic as part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral. This allowed Roosevelt to order the U.S. Navy to patrol the western Atlantic Ocean and reveal the location of German submarines to the British. (pages 603–604) Section 4-16a

25. Reviewing Themes Individual Action After Roosevelt made the destroyer-for-bases deal with Britain, some Americans called him a dictator. Do you think Roosevelt was right or wrong in his actions? Explain your answer. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4-24