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Geography and Heritage of Russia and Eastern Europe

Geography and Heritage of Russia and Eastern Europe. Chapter 32 Section 1; Geographic Setting. Chapter Perspective. From its small beginnings more than 1,000 years ago, Russia grew into the largest country in the world.

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Geography and Heritage of Russia and Eastern Europe

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  1. Geography and Heritage of Russia and Eastern Europe Chapter 32 Section 1; Geographic Setting

  2. Chapter Perspective • From its small beginnings more than 1,000 years ago, Russia grew into the largest country in the world. • By the 1800s, the Russian Empire stretched from Eastern Europe across much of Asia and included many ethnic, religious, and cultural groups.

  3. Chapter Themes • Severe climates, ethnic diversity, and the absence of natural barriers affected Russia’s development. • Early Russia absorbed Byzantine influences. Much later, western ideas had a major impact on Russia. • Czarist Russia was an autocratic state built on inequality. • In the 1800s, Russia experienced unrest as it tried to become a modern world power. • Powerful empires competed for control of Eastern Europe, while the people of the region sought to maintain their independence

  4. Geographic Setting: Russia Reemerges • In the 1900s, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was 6000 miles across Europe and Asia, from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. • Twice the size of the United States, it included 15 republics ruled by a central government in Moscow. • 1991, the Soviet Union ended • Today, Russia is the largest remaining republic and is officially known as the Russian Federation

  5. Landforms • The North European plain stretches from Europe into Central Asia (Asians call it the West Siberian Plain) • The low-lying Ural Mountains mark the division between Europe and Asia • Invaders came into contact with many people on the plain. They caused suffering but also brought knowledge and culture.

  6. Plateaus and Mountains • South and west of the plain are plateaus and mountains • Caucasus mountains lie between the Black and Caspian sea in the republics of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, they separate Russia from Turkey and Iran • The Pamir mountains separate several Central Asian republics and block moisture from the Pacific which causes desert

  7. Seas, Lakes, and Rivers • Large inland seas and lakes provide nearby people with water, food, and transportation • The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland Sea • The Aral Sea is shrinking, because the rivers that tribute to it are being diverted for irrigation

  8. Climate, Vegetation, and Resources • Most of country lies above 49 degree latitude ( border of US and Canada) • Very cold except for Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia • Permafrost – a layer of soil below the surface that remains permanently frozen • Russia has always competed for a warm water port • “General Winter” has been a key ally in Russia’s history, effectively hindering Napoleon’s army and Hitler’s troops

  9. Vegetative zones • Six zones total, listed from North to South • Frozen Tundra • Taiga – Evergreen Trees (Big as the US!) • Forest zone- broad-leave trees • Steppe – fertile breadbasket • Desert • Caucasus region – moist and mild climate

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