How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America?

1. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? Bethel Elementary School

2. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Immigrants came to the United States for a variety of reasons. • Some were “pushed” out of their home country; others were “pulled” to the United States.

3. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Pushed--Religious persecution, war, poverty • Pull—economic opportunities in the growing American economy, political freedom, social equality "Push factors" in Europe are: 1. "Population Growth": Europe had better food and homes causing a population growth.  Europe soon became overcrowded. 2. "Agricultural Changes": Landlords took advantage of city growth because of the overcrowdedness.  They forced residents out in order for the land owners to farm in large areas. 3. "Crop Faluires": Poor farmers were in debt because of crop failures.  It also caused them to starve.  They chose to redeem themselves in America instead. 4. "Industrial Revolution": Factories made cheeper materials that artisians could not compete with.  Because of their unemployment status, some artisians decided to come to the United Sates of America. 5. "Religious and Political Chaos": Quakers from Norway, and Jew from Germany left to stay away from religious harssment.  Germans also came because the German Revolution didn't work out.

4. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Immigrants in later half of 19th century were to poor to travel and set-up a home in the west, even with the free land, so most immigrants settled in cities on the east coast. Many immigrants came through the major processing centers.

5. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? Ellis Island in New York City

6. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? Angel Island in San Francisco For three decades, from 1910 to 1940, the Angel Island Immigration Station in San Francisco Bay stood guard as the Pacific Coast’s major entry point for immigrants to the United States—the door through which over a half–million Asians and others from the Pacific rim entered the United States to make new lives for themselves.

7. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • but every port city was an entry point for immigrants • Some immigrants continued to the cities of the Midwest to work in meat packing plants or grain mills.

8. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • The increasing numbers of immigrants added to a growing urbanization—growth of cities The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas.

9. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Immigrants also impacted the character of cities by settling in neighborhoods with common links. Areas such as Little Italy, Germantown, Chinatown or Little Poland. Early 1900’s Little Italy NY Modern Chinatown NY

10. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Some immigrants, were entrepreneurs, like Carnegie and Bell Alexander Graham Bell- Phone Andrew Carnegie- Steel

11. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • most immigrants provided the labor, or workforce, needed for expanding industry. • More workers = lower wages (supply and demand) Willing to do anything!

12. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Early 19th century immigrants had been Anglo-Saxon (white), when Irish and Germans came in the middle of 1800s they were discriminated against, but at least Irish spoke English and Germans were hard workers. Irish Immigrants German Immigrants

13. Eastern Europe How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • Late 19th century immigrants were from Eastern and Southern Europe. Southern Europe

14. How did “push” and “pull” factors influence immigration to America? • New prejudices against the ‘new’ immigrants of the late 19th century were based on their ethnic and religious backgrounds. Jewish and Catholics were discriminated against.