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16.1 Thermal Energy

16.1 Thermal Energy. Heat. The transfer of thermal energy because of a temperature difference. Heat. Flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects. Temperature Review. A measure of how hot or cold an object is Measured in Celsius, Kelvin, or Fahrenheit

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16.1 Thermal Energy

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  1. 16.1 Thermal Energy

  2. Heat • The transfer of thermal energy because of a temperature difference.

  3. Heat • Flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects

  4. Temperature Review • A measure of how hot or cold an object is • Measured in Celsius, Kelvin, or Fahrenheit • 0 Kelvin or absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature (all atoms stop moving)

  5. Temperature • Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object due to their random movements

  6. Thermal Energy • The total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles (atoms) in an object

  7. Thermal Energy • Depends on mass, temperature, and phase (solid, liquid, or gas)

  8. Thermal Expansion • An increase in the volume of a material due to a temperature increase.

  9. Thermal Expansion • Occurs when particles of matter move farther apart as temperature increases

  10. Thermal Expansion • Gases expand more than liquids. • Liquids expand more than solids. • Weaker particle attractions in gases make them expand more easily.

  11. Thermal Expansion • This is what makes glass thermometers work. • Alcohol expands in the tube giving you the temperature reading.

  12. Specific Heat • The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.

  13. Specific Heat • The lower a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises when a given amount of energy is absorbed by a given mass.

  14. Specific Heat • Translation: • When a material has a low specific heat, it takes less energy to raise its temperature.

  15. Specific Heat • Measured in joules per gram per degree Celsius or J/gx0C

  16. Specific Heat • Q = m x c x ΔT • Q = heat absorbed by a material • m = mass • C = specific heat • ΔT = change in temperature

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