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Atom Interactions: The Basis of Life

Explore the concept of atoms and their interactions, the building blocks of living things. Learn about elements, isotopes, compounds, ions, and covalent bonds.

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Atom Interactions: The Basis of Life

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  1. KEY CONCEPTAll living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

  2. H O Living things consist of atoms of different elements. • An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. • An element is one type of atom. • An ISOTOPE is an atom that has a different number of neutrons, but retains all the same chemical properties Hydrogen atom (H) – deuterium is HEAVY HYDROGEN Oxygen atom (O) – O18 can be used to track the movement of oxygen through chemical reactions

  3. Oxygen atom (O) outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) Nucleus:8 protons (+)8 neutrons inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) • An atom has a nucleus and electrons. • The nucleus has protons and neutrons. • Electrons are in energy levels outside nucleus.

  4. _ O H H + + • A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. • water (H2O)

  5. A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. • carbon dioxide (CO2) • water (H2O)

  6. A compound is made of atoms of different elements bonded together. • many other carbon-based compounds in living things • Carbohydrates (C, H, O) • Proteins (C, H, O, N) • Lipids (C, H) • Nucleic Acids (C, H, O, N, P, S) • water (H2O) • carbon dioxide (CO2)

  7. gained electron Na loses anelectron to CI ionic bond Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (CI) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (CI-) Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons. • An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. • positive ions lose electrons • negative ions gain electrons • Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions.

  8. covalent bonds Oxygen atom (O) Carbon atom (C) Oxygen atom (O) Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) Atoms share pairs of electrons in covalent bonds. • A covalent bond forms when atoms share a pair of electrons. • Atoms can form multiple covalent bonds • Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond

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