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Renewables and Energy Storage

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Renewables and Energy Storage

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    1. Renewables and Energy Storage

    2. The Changing Political Landscape What Does The Future Hold?

    3. The Changing Political Landscape

    4. Political Reality Republican Candidate

    5. Political Reality Democratic Candidate

    6. Renewable Energy Options Small to Large Technology Review Opportunities and Issues Costs

    7. Renewable Energy Options Technology Review Solar Solar Thermal (CSP) Photovoltaics Wind Small – Less than 100 kW’s Utility Scale

    8. Solar Energy Options Concentrated Solar Power Photovoltaics

    9. Lowered CTL out of upper half Lowered shale but wasn’t in upper half Raised wind into upper half <2 = red 2-2.9 = orange 3-3.9=yellow 4 or > = greenLowered CTL out of upper half Lowered shale but wasn’t in upper half Raised wind into upper half <2 = red 2-2.9 = orange 3-3.9=yellow 4 or > = green

    11. Solar Thermal Applications Over four gigawatts of concentrating solar power capacity is planned worldwide over the next five years. Plant sizes up to 85 MW successfully operating in California since the 1980’s.

    12. Simple, single axis tracking Central tube filled with liquid absorbs heat Can be combined with storage Well proven, highly reliable Solar Trough

    13. Fresnel lens concentration Potential for high efficiency Can be combined with storage Less proven than Trough CSP Central Receiver System

    14. Parabolic dish/engine system Concentrates sun on Sterling Engine Work has been continuing since 1980’s Sterling is problematic

    15. CSP Advantages

    16. CSP Advantages - Cont

    17. CSP Disadvantages

    18. CSP Disadvantages

    19. Operational Environmental Issues

    20. CSP Economics

    21. Photolvoltaics – Market Growth RFP’s in 2006 ~ 50 MW’s RFP’s February 2008 ~ 300 – 500 MW’s

    22. Photovoltaics – Solar Electric Technologies Silicon Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Thin film Amorphous silicon CdTe CISGS

    23. 23 First Solar 40 MW System $4.22/W

    25. Photovoltaics Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Easily scalable Geographically flexible 20-30 yr panel life Low operating costs Low environmental footprint Easy to site & permit Minimal transmission loss Concurrence with peak demand Can be visible or invisible

    26. Applications – Grid Connected Residential Commercial Rooftop Ground Mounted

    27. Breakdown of Installed Costs

    28. Residential Installations Things to Consider

    29. Residential Installations Issues and Questions Interconnect issues CO legislating net metering rules Inverter designs and disconnect requirements Fees CO legislation building permit fees Insurance – is home owners sufficient?

    30. Residential Installations Things to consider – cont. Installation CO, eight installers in 2006 – one hundred -twenty in 2008 Installer certification - none Warranties Standard , five years parts and labor Home Depot, ten years parts and labor

    32. Commercial Applications

    33. Commercial Systems Advantages Located at point of demand Has some secondary benefits Uses “free” roof area Disadvantages Ownership issues - business change hands Maintenance issue – roof penetrations

    34. Electric Vehicle Recharging This electric vehicle recharging station in southern Florida is powered by a grid-connected PV array mounted on the roof. When no vehicles need charging, power from the modules is transferred to the utility line. (Photo: University of South Florida)This electric vehicle recharging station in southern Florida is powered by a grid-connected PV array mounted on the roof. When no vehicles need charging, power from the modules is transferred to the utility line. (Photo: University of South Florida)

    35. Commercial Rooftop - conventional

    37. Central Generation Thin Film Photovoltaics Amorphous CdTe CIGS Concentrators Silicon Gallium Arsenide

    38. First Solar - Current Thin Film PV Sales

    39. First Solar Thin Film Projected Costs

    40. Module Output Stability The Ultimate Test

    41. Utility Scale Wind Still the low cost champ

    42. U.S. Wind Resources

    51. Lowered CTL out of upper half Lowered shale but wasn’t in upper half Raised wind into upper half <2 = red 2-2.9 = orange 3-3.9=yellow 4 or > = greenLowered CTL out of upper half Lowered shale but wasn’t in upper half Raised wind into upper half <2 = red 2-2.9 = orange 3-3.9=yellow 4 or > = green

    52. Small Wind - Issues Opportunities Community projects – school, co-op headquarters High visibility to members Eligible for grant funding Challenges Still a “cottage” industry Can require significant effort by the owner/operator High $/kW capital investment “Refurbished” units can be problematic

    53. Abundant Renewable Energy (Newburg, Ore.) (www.abundantre.com) Bergey Windpower (Norman, Okla.) (www.bergey.com) Entegrity Wind Systems (Charlottetown, Canada) (www.entegritywind.com) Energy Maintenance Service (Gary, S.D.) (www.energyms.com) Lorax Energy (Webster, N.Y.) (www.lorax-energy.com) Northern Power Systems (Waitsfield, Vt.) (www.northernpower.com) Solar Wind Works (Truckee, Calif.) (www.solarwindworks.com) Southwest Windpower (Flagstaff, Ariz.) (http://www.windenergy.com) Wind Turbine Industries Corp. (Prior Lake, Minn.) (www.windturbine.net) Small Wind - Manufacturers

    54. Lowered CTL out of upper half Lowered shale but wasn’t in upper half Raised wind into upper half <2 = red 2-2.9 = orange 3-3.9=yellow 4 or > = greenLowered CTL out of upper half Lowered shale but wasn’t in upper half Raised wind into upper half <2 = red 2-2.9 = orange 3-3.9=yellow 4 or > = green

    55. Energy Storage Now that we have it What do we do with it?

    56. Challenge - Intermittency Wind – blows at night and early morning Can have periods of no wind Photovoltaics Maximum output is not coincident with demand Output can drop rapidly

    59. Battery Characteristics Wish List

    64. To Be Continued

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