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Cell Structure & Function

Discover the fascinating world of cells with this comprehensive guide covering cell theory, organelles, and types of cells. Learn about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, key cell components, and their functions.

rodneyhenderson
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Cell Structure & Function

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  1. Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

  2. A Pretty Cool Video about Cells… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA

  3. Learner Outcomes • I can list the three parts of the cell theory. • I can compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. • I can describe key characteristics of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  4. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit of life that is capable of performing life functions.

  5. Key Terms • Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that contains all parts of the cell. • Organelles: structures within a cell that are specialized to perform certain functions.

  6. Discovery of Cells • The first cell was seen in 1665 by Robert Hooke using a simple light microscope. • He was looking at cork, the tough outer bark of a certain species of oak trees. • The plant cells he observed were dead and looked like small rooms so he called them cells.

  7. Cell Theory: work of several scientists • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the most basic units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

  8. The Weird History of the Discovery of the Cell! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU

  9. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

  10. Two Main Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  11. Prokaryotic • Do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. • DNA is found floating in the cytoplasm. • All prokaryotes are bacteria. http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

  12. Eukaryotic • Have a nucleus and other organelles surrounded by membranes • All living organisms except bacteria. • Can be single-celled or multi-celled. Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

  13. “Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

  14. “Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

  15. Cell Parts Organelles

  16. Learner Outcomes • I can describe the function of the following organelles: • Mitochondria -Vesicles • Cell membrane • Ribosomes • Nucleus • Golgi Apparatus • ER • Nucleolus • Lysosomes

  17. Surrounding the Cell

  18. Cell Membrane • Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell • Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  19. Cell Wall • Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria • Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  20. Inside the Cell

  21. Nucleus • Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA

  22. Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  23. Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  24. Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  25. Cytoplasm • Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material

  26. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around in cell • Smooth type: lacks ribosomes • Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  27. Ribosomes • Each cell contains thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  28. Mitochondria • Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates • Controls level of water and other materials in cell • Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  29. Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging plant' • Move materials within the cell • Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  30. Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates • Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal • Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  31. Vacuoles • Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal • Contains water solution • Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  32. Chloroplast • Usually found in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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