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Lesson 6 – Intro to Respiratory System: Why do we need it?

Lesson 6 – Intro to Respiratory System: Why do we need it?. We Breath A Lot!. We take about 12-15 breaths per minute How many breaths per day? How many breaths per lifetime? You take between 500 million to 750 million breaths per lifetime. Air. We breath in a mixture of gases:

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Lesson 6 – Intro to Respiratory System: Why do we need it?

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  1. Lesson 6 – Intro to Respiratory System: Why do we need it?

  2. We Breath A Lot! • We take about 12-15 breaths per minute • How many breaths per day? • How many breaths per lifetime? • You take between 500 million to 750 million breaths per lifetime

  3. Air • We breath in a mixture of gases: • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% Argon • 0.04% Carbon Dioxide • Other trace amounts of gases But it’s the OXYGEN that our cells need!

  4. Why do cells need oxygen? • Think about why cells need oxygen and discuss with you peers

  5. Why do cells need oxygen? • Cells use oxygen to obtain energy from food through a process called aerobic cellular respiration. Energy is released in a cell when glucose (sugar molecule) reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

  6. Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Aerobic Cellular Respiration: series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell that provide energy and consume oxygen. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide +water + energy

  7. Energy Distribution 64% is released as thermal energy or energy that helps animals maintain a constant body temperature. 34% of the energy is stored in molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

  8. ATP as stored energy • Cells use ATP to power almost all of their energy requiring processes: • Growth • Movement • Building new molecules

  9. 1 glucose yields, 36 molecules of ATP • ATP is formed when energy from the breakdown of glucose is used to add a phosphate group to the ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule in a process called phosphorylation.

  10. Expanded Formula of Aerobic Cellular Respiration

  11. How Simple Organisms Obtain Oxgyen • In ‘simple’ organisms like jellyfish and sponges, oxygen from the environment diffuses directly into the cells through the cell membrane and carbon dioxide diffuses out into the environment

  12. How do cells get the oxygen ? Gas Exchange: the processes whereby the body cells obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. (aka: diffusion of gases) Ventilation: the process in more complex organisms that ensures a flow of oxygen-rich air to the lungs. (aka: breathing)

  13. Gas Exchange • In humans, fish and other large multi-cellular organisms, gas exchange occurs in two locations • Lungs • Body cells

  14. Requirement for Human Respiratory System: The human respiratory system has four important structural features that enable it to function properly: • A thin permeable respiratory membrane through which diffusion can occur • A large surface area for gas exchange • A good supply of blood • A breathing system for bringing oxygen-rich air to the respiratory membrane

  15. Homework:

  16. Mucus • The oil in the machine of our body • We make about 1 – 1.5 litres per day • When sick, consistency changes (or from dehydration) • Allergies (and some infections) cause leakage of mucus producing cells • Green colour can be from Neutrophils

  17. Gas Exchange in the Alveoli • High Surface area • Air is 37oC and moist • Membrane is one cell thick • Passive Transport.

  18. The Mechanism of Ventilation: • Breathing is based on negative pressure

  19. The Mechanism of Ventilation: • Breathing is based on negative pressure

  20. Pleural Membranes

  21. Pneumothorax

  22. Lung Capacity:

  23. Lung Capacity

  24. Oxygen Usage: • Physical activity depends on the energy released during aerobic cellular respiration which depends on the rate of oxygen delivary • a high maximum rate of oxygen usage indicates an efficient respiratory system. • The rate of oxygen usage can be calculated using a spirometer. VO2: It is an estimated or measured value representing the rate at which oxygen is used in the body. It is measured in millilitres per kilogram per minute (mL/kg/min) VO2max: The maximum rate at which oxygen can be used in an individual. It is the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can use during sustained, intense physical activity. It is also measured in mL/kg/min.

  25. Performance Enhancement • EPO -- a hormone naturally produced by human kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production

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