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Gene Technology

Gene Technology. Honors Breaking Down the Definitions. Polymerase chain reaction Primer Restriction enzyme Gel electrophoresis DNA fingerprint Genetic engineering Recombinant DNA Clone Vector Plasmid Probe Bioinformatics Proteomics Cloning by nuclear transfer Telomere DNA vaccine

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Gene Technology

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  1. Gene Technology

  2. Honors Breaking Down the Definitions • Polymerase chain reaction • Primer • Restriction enzyme • Gel electrophoresis • DNA fingerprint • Genetic engineering • Recombinant DNA • Clone • Vector • Plasmid • Probe • Bioinformatics • Proteomics • Cloning by nuclear transfer • Telomere • DNA vaccine • Bioethics

  3. Regular Breaking Down the Definitions • Selective Breeding • Hybridization • Genetic Engineering • Gel Electrophoresis • Recombinant DNA • Polymerase Chain Reaction • Transgenic • Clone

  4. DNA Identification • Except for Identical Twins, no 2 people in the world are exactly alike genetically. • The majority of human DNA is the same. Only about .1% of our DNA varies by individual. • 98% of our DNA does NOT code for proteins= NONCODING DNA.

  5. Steps in DNA Identification • Copying DNA via Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR • Often you only have a small amount of DNA (ie crime scene) so you need to copy it • Video Clip • Cutting DNA with restriction enzymes • To cut long DNA molecules biologists use bacterial proteins or restriction enzymes to cut out certain sequences

  6. Steps in DNA Identification 3. Sorting DNA by size • DNA fragments can be studied with GEL ELECTROPHORESIS, which separated DNA by size and charge. • This creates a DNA fingerprint, unique to the individual • Video Clip • Comparing DNA • Using the DNA fingerprint scientists can produce the odds that 2 people will have the same DNA fingerprint only about 1 in 100 billion (and there are only 6.5 billion people on Earth).

  7. Recombinant DNA • The process of altering genetic material is called GENETIC ENGINEERING. • RECOMBINANT DNA results when DNA from 2 different organisms are joined. • Example of Recombinant DNA—scientists inserted a jellyfish gene (for a fluorescent green glow) into a zebra fish to see blood vessels develop. • Video Clip—6 facts

  8. Cloning • GENETIC ENGINEERING has allowed biologists to study how genes function and then manipulate them. • In the 1990s scientists began cloning whole organisms or CLONING BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER. • They introduce a nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell to generate an organism identical to the donor. • Brainpop! • Dolly, a sheep, was the first successful clone in 1996. • Video

  9. Stem Cells • Brainpop!

  10. Genetic Engineering and Food • Genetic Engineering with plants is called genetically modified (GM) crops. • GM crops are more tolerant of weather conditions (frost, drought), resistant to herbicides, increase the amount of the crop produced, resistant to disease, improved nutritional value of foods

  11. Food Inc

  12. Designer Babies • Issues and Decisions Worksheet • Extra Credit Opportunities!! • Watch one or both of the following movies: • Gattaca or My Sister’s Keeper • 2 page, typed, report on the film • Report should include a summary of the storyline and how it ties into Genetics and Designer Babies • Report also needs to be signed by a parent, verifying that you did indeed watch and have permission to watch the movie

  13. Genetic Science Ethics Survey

  14. Bioethics Group Reports

  15. Genetic Engineering Concept Map Review

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