Learning theories: Behaviorism vs. Congitivisim

1. Learning theories: Behaviorism vs. Congitivisim Marisela Rodriguez March 12, 2012

2. Behavioral Theorist: John B. Watson John B. Watson (January 9,1878-September 25, 1958)

3. John B. Watson • Education: graduated from Furman University and received his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1903 • Became an instructor at the University of Chicago and became an associate professor at the John Hopkins University where he taught psychology • known as the father of behaviorism

4. Watson’s contributions • 1913- lectured and published the article entitled “Psychology a the Behaviorist Views It” • 1914- published Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology • 1915- became the President of the American Psychological Association • 1920- published the “Little Albert” Experiment. • 1924-became Vice President of J Walter Thompson Agency and published Behaviorism. • 1928-published the Psychological care of Infant and Child

5. Watson’s Behaviorism Theory Behaviorism Theory • originated from the study of comparative psychology and the study of animal behavior • based on changes centered on new behavior patterns thru structure and repetition • focused on the response of the participant, inducted by an external stimuli-conditioning • two different types of conditioning: Classic and Operant conditioning

6. Watson’s “Little Albert” Experiment • theorized that children have three basic emotional reactions: fear, rage, and love • conditioned to react with fear, Watson used a white rat and a loud, sudden noise at the same time on a infant • concluded that humans can be conditioned to behave or act a certain way

7. Cognitive Theory Cognitive Theory • focuses on the development of the thought processes. • based on mental processes as they are influenced by both internal and external factors • Involves how humans process information, language development, reasoning, and decision-making

8. Cognitive Theorist: Jean piaget Jean Piaget (August 9,1896 - September 17,1980)

9. Jean piaget • Education- began his studies in 1916 in the field of natural science at the Neuchâtel University and earned a doctoral degree for research on mollusks in 1918 • Professor- taught experimental and developmental psychology, sociology, and history of scientific thought, mostly at the University of Geneva (1929–1939) • researcher- influenced the field of child psychology thru the his research and development of the cognitive development theory in young children.

10. Piaget’s collaborations • 1921- became the director of studies a the J.J. Rousseau Institute in Geneva • 1925-Chiarmain of psychology and history of science at Neuchatel University • 1929- Chairman for the Bureau of Education and History of Scientific Thinking • Chairman of Psychology and Sociology at Lausanne • 1939-Chairmano f Science at Geneva • 1940-Chairman of Genetic and Experimental Psychology • 1955- he established the International Centre of Genetic Epistemology

11. Piaget's theory of cognitive development • developed after intensive research on children's cognitive development • lead to believe the mind of a child develops through a series of stages • lead to the formation of four stages of cognitive development.

12. Piaget’s cognitive stage of development

13. Impact of Watson’s behavioral theory on training • develop behavioral objectives and learning task must be broken down through analysis into specific measurable tasks • instructional designer should determine the behavior objectives; the sub-skills a learner must master in order to perform the desired behavior • learner must know how to execute the proper response as well as the conditions under which the response is made • assessment can be conducted thru quizzes or tests to determine if the learner met each behavioral objective

14. Impact of Cognitive theory on training • the designer should develop goals describing what learners should know or be able to do upon completion of instruction • Learner characteristics should be taken in when planning instructional strategies such structuring and sequencing information. • goal of instruction transfer of knowledge to learners from simple to complex • Small portions of information should be present during instruction to facilitate learning

15. Summary: Application of Learning Theories on Adult Education • Watson’s behaviorist theory is predominant in adult education settings. • For example: a student can be exempt from taking a final exam if he or she does well on daily assignments and regular exams. This method is known as negative reinforcement, a stimulus is remove when the learner provides an accurate response. • Piaget’s cognitive theory is more evident in school age settings. • For example: a student can learn the names of the planets in the solar system by using mnemonics, MVEMJSUN “My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nachos.”Mnemonics are "associational techniques in processing information for learning of facts and lists"

16. Work Cited • Driscoll, M. (2000). Psychology of learning for instruction. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. • Smith, P. and Ragan, T. (1999). Instructional design (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. • Dabbagh, N. (March 15, 2012). The Instructional Design Knowledge Base. Retrieved March, 15, 2012 from Nada Dabbagh's Homepage, George Mason University, Instructional Technology Program. Website: http://classweb.gmu.edu/ndabbagh/Resources/IDKB/index.htm • http://www.usask.ca/education/coursework/802papers/mergel/brenda.htm#Behaviorism • http://www.studentmagz.com/2010/05/behaviorism-theory-in-education.html • http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/112054 • http://www.biography.com/people/john-b-watson-37049 • http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm#Theory • http://www.experiment-resources.com/cognitive-learning-theory.html