Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology

1. Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology Marco Carlone

2. Outline Where AI is used in Radiation Oncology? AI in treatment planning Commercial products implementing AI in Treatment planning

3. Where is AI used in Radiation Oncology? Treatment planning Linear Accelerator Quality Assurance Potential future areas: Teaching Management Everywhere!

4. AI in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning To automate tasks that we do often? To create more consistent outcomes in radiotherapy planning? To save time? To employ less people? To increase the number of patients we can treat at our facility?

5. Treatment planning at a high level

6. Treatment planning is not an efficient process Inputs are not always uniform Lack of good radiotherapy protocols Lack of information at the start of the treatment planning process Competing goals of radiotherapy are not always defined at the beginning of the radiotherapy planning process

7. Two principle areas of AI use in radiotherapy planning Knowledge based planning Multi parameter optimisation

8. Two principle areas of AI use in radiotherapy planning Knowledge based planning Multi parameter optimisation

9. Dose Inference Atlas Regression Forests are inversely weighted by predicted atlas accuracy Courtesy Tom Purdie

10. Atlas-Selection Learning • Density estimates over observed features are computed • Additional Regression Forests learn distances: • P(accuracy | Atlas, Novel Image) Courtesy Tom Purdie

11. Example Planning Results PTV Contours Clinical Dose Predicted Dose Patient 1 73 Gy Patient 2 Courtesy Tom Purdie

13. Two principle areas of AI use in radiotherapy planning Knowledge based planning Multi parameter optimisation

14. Multi parameter optimisation

15. Multi parameter optimisation

16. What Happened?