Science TCAP Study Guide

1. Science TCAP Study Guide ReubenSavage

2. Universe • Dwarf planets- large objects in space smaller than planets(ex. Pluto Ceres). • Planet-large object in space(Earth). • Terrestrial planets- small, dense, and made of rock. • Gas Giants-extremely large, cold, and made of gas

3. Universe • Nebula- a cloud of dust and gas in space, usually between stars. • Planetary Nebula-a small, ball shaped nebula that surrounds a star • DiffuseNebula- a large nebula with an irregular shape.

4. Universe • Comets- are smaller than asteroids and are mostly made up of dust particles, frozen water, and frozen gasses. • Asteroids- vary greatly in size and are mostly made up of stone iron and nickel.

5. Food Chain • Producer- makes it’s own food. • Herbivore-only eats plants. • Carnivore- only eats meat. • Omnivore- eats both meat and vegetation. • Scavenger- eats the remains of animals. • Decomposer- breaks down the remains of animals to provide nutrients.

6. Energy • PotentialEnergy- stored energy. • Kinetic Energy- the energy of motion. • Mechanical Energy- all of the kinetic and potential energy in an object. • Electrical Energy- energy that flows through wires in a circuit.

7. Energy • Heat Energy- is created when matter goes through a chemical change. • Light Energy- a type of wave energy created by other energy, or solar. • Sound Energy- energy of sound waves make as they travel. • Chemical Energy- energy found in chemical compounds.

8. Circuits • A Circuit must have an energy source,a load, and usually a wire. • Series Circuit- all parts of the circuit are connected in a single loop. • Parallel Circuit- receivers are connected to different branches.

9. Biotic and Abiotic • BioticFactor- anything in an environment that is living or at one time was living. • Abiotic Factor- anything in an environment that has never lived.