Chapter Menu

1. Chapter Introduction Section 1:North America Before Columbus Section 2:Europe Begins to Explore Section 3:Founding the Thirteen Colonies Section 4:Economics, Trade, and Rebellion Section 5: A Diverse Society Visual Summary Chapter Menu

2. Why Do People Migrate to New Lands? Europeans began leaving their continent in the 1500s to settle in the Americas. Their colonies reflected the values and traditions of their homelands, but they were also shaped by the geography of the new land they settled. • Why do you think Europeans came to America? • How might the location of a colony affect its development? Chapter Intro

3. Chapter Timeline

4. Chapter Timeline

5. Founding the Thirteen Colonies What were the main causes of English settlement in North America? Chapter Intro 3

6. Big Ideas Geography and HistoryThe headright system provided English settlers with new ways to acquire more land. Section 3-Main Idea

7. Content Vocabulary • joint-stock company • privateer • headright • proprietary colony • heretic Academic Vocabulary • migration • grant Section 3-Key Terms

8. People and Events to Identify • Jamestown • Powhatan Confederacy • John Winthrop • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Henry Hudson Section 3-Key Terms

9. A B Do you believe that the benefits of sailing to a new country for religious freedom outweigh the risks? A. Yes B. No Section 3-Polling Question

10. England’s First Colonies While Spain was establishing an overseas empire in the 1500s, England was distracted by problems at home. Section 3

11. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • When John Cabot first sailed to America, most of western Europe was Roman Catholic. • Martin Luther accused the Church of corruption and launched the Protestant Reformation. • The Anglican Church and the Puritan faith also emerged during this time. Section 3

12. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • Reasons some of the English sailed to America: • religious persecution of Puritans and non-Anglican people • economic changes in England—wool market, joint-stock companies • rivalry with Spain Section 3

13. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • The Protestant English wanted to find a water route to Asia through North America, but had to contend with the Catholic Spanish. • Queen Elizabeth allowed English privateers to attack Spanish ships. • She also set up outposts in the Americas to help attack the ships. Section 3

14. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • In the spring of 1607, 104 men founded the settlement of Jamestown. • Captain John Smith began bartering goods for food with the Powhatan Confederacy. • Only 60 settlers out of about 400 survived the winter of 1609–1610. • The colony did survive and made money by selling tobacco. Section 3

15. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • 1618—the Virginia Company granted the colonists the right to elect a lawmaking body. They also introduced the system of headrights. • 1619—the first Africans were brought to Virginia. Section 3

16. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • 1622—more than 4,500 settlers arrived in Virginia; Jamestown was attacked by the Native Americans and the colony was devastated. • Virginia became a royal colony, run by a governor appointed by the king. Section 3

17. England’s First Colonies (cont.) • George Calvert—or Lord Baltimore—founded a colony in Maryland for Catholics who were persecuted in England. • He owned this land and made it a proprietary colony. • However, most of its settlers were Protestant and in 1649 the Toleration Act was passed to reduce social conflict. Section 3

18. A B C D Why did Powhatan end trade with the colonists of Jamestown in 1609? A.The number of colonists overwhelmed him. B.He was not producing enough food for his own people. C.The colonists stole food from the Native Americans. D.The colonists were marrying the Native American women. Section 3

19. Pilgrims and Puritans Both the Pilgrims and the Puritans founded colonies to escape religious persecution. Section 3

20. Pilgrims and Puritans (cont.) • On September 16, 1620, 102 Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth in the Mayflower. • The Pilgrims joined the Wampanoag in a celebration to give thanks for their harvest and fortune, the basis of our present-day Thanksgiving. The Puritan Migration to America, 1620–1640 Section 3

21. Pilgrims and Puritans (cont.) • In 1630, 11 ships carrying about 900 Puritan settlers set sail for America to escape religious persecution. • John Winthropled this expedition. • As economic and religious conditions in England worsened, large numbers of people began to emigrate, later called the Great Migration. • People who voiced ideas that contradicted Puritan beliefs could be considered heretics and banished. Section 3

22. Pilgrims and Puritans (cont.) • Towns, in what became Rhode Island, were established as places where religious freedom could be practiced: • Providence—founded by Roger Williams • Portsmouth—founded by Anne Hutchinson • Newport • Warwick Section 3

23. Pilgrims and Puritans (cont.) • Reverend Thomas Hooker founded the town of Hartford and helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Section 3

24. Pilgrims and Puritans (cont.) • Tensions between the English and Native Americans peaked in 1675 when Plymouth Colony executed three Wampanoag men for murder. • This sparked what became known as King Philip’s War. • By 1678, few Native Americans were left in New England. Section 3

25. A B C D E According to laws of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which of the following actions was illegal? A.Expression of different religious ideas B.Gambling C.Drunkeness D.Blasphemy E. All of the above Section 3

26. England’s Civil War and New Colonies The English Civil War interrrupted colonization. After it ended, new colonies were founded. Section 3

27. England’s Civil War and New Colonies(cont.) • In 1660, the English government began backing a new round of colonization in America—also known as the Restoration colonies. • The Restoration colonies included: • New York—England took New York from the Dutch in 1664 and continued its focus on trade; Henry Hudsonoriginally found this area for the Dutch. Settling the Thirteen Colonies, 1607–1750 Section 3

28. England’s Civil War and New Colonies(cont.) • New Jersey—the king’s brother, James, granted this area to two of the king’s advisers. • Pennsylvania—William Penn established this colony in 1681 as a place of religious freedom. • Delaware—William Penn bought three counties from the Duke of York, which later became Delaware. Settling the Thirteen Colonies, 1607–1750 Section 3

29. England’s Civil War and New Colonies(cont.) • The Carolinas—this area was chartered in 1663 as a proprietary colony; its proprietors hoped to make money growing cash crops. • Georgia—James Oglethorpe founded Georgia in 1733 as a refuge for England’s poor. Settling the Thirteen Colonies, 1607–1750 Section 3

30. A B C D Theorigins of which colony lay in the Quakers and a large unpaid debt? A.New York B.New Jersey C.Pennsylvania D.Delaware Section 3

31. Section 3-End

32. Big Ideas Geography and HistoryGeography shaped the development of distinct regions within the English colonies. Section 4-Main Idea

33. Southern Society Society in the Southern Colonies was sharply divided between the wealthy elite and the backcountry farmers. Section 4

34. Southern Society (cont.) • Wealthy planters in the south employed indentured servantsto help grow tobacco. • In South Carolina the settlers grew rice and imported enslaved Africans to cultivate it. • They also grew indigo. The Economy of the Colonial South, c. 1750 Section 4

35. Southern Society (cont.) • Bacon’s Rebellion, led by Nathaniel Bacon, convinced many wealthy planters that land should be made available to backcountry farmers. • From the 1680s onward, Virginia’s government generally supported expanding the colony westward, regardless of the impact on Native Americans. Section 4

36. Southern Society (cont.) • After Bacon’s Rebellion, planters began to switch to enslaved Africans for labor for several reasons: • They did not have to be freed or given land. • They could be used as collateral to borrow money or expand their plantations. • Fewer English settlers were willing to become indentured servants. Section 4

37. Southern Society (cont.) • In 1672, King Charles II granted a charter to the Royal African Company to engage in slave trade. Section 4

38. New England Society New England’s economy was based on fishing, family farms, and lumber mills. Section 4

39. New England Society (cont.) • New England colonists practiced subsistence farming. • The main crop was wheat. • Fishing and whaling brought the most prosperity to New England. • Lumber and shipbuilding also became important industries. New England and the Middle Colonies, c. 1750 Section 4

40. New England Society (cont.) • New England’s social life centered around towns. • Townspeople began discussing local problems and issues at town meetings. • These meetings helped set the stage for the American Revolution and a democratic government. Section 4

41. New England Society (cont.) • The Puritans valued religious devotion, hard work, education, and obedience to strict rules regulating daily life. Section 4

42. Trade and the Rise of Cities Cities prospered and grew through trade with England, Africa, and other colonies. Section 4

43. Trade and the Rise of Cities (cont.) • The Middle Colonies—Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware—combined aspects of New England’s economy with those of the South. • As in New England, trade led to the rise of large cities along the coast. • As in the South, colonists benefited from fertile soil and long growing seasons. • Wheat was in important cash crop. Section 4

44. Trade and the Rise of Cities (cont.) • Drawbacks to colonies of mercantilism included: • Colonies prevented from selling goods to other nations, even it they could get a better price. • If a colony produced nothing the home country needed, it could not acquire gold or silver to buy manufactured goods. Section 4

45. Causes of European Exploration • The Crusades broaden European horizons and stimulate interest in luxury goods from Asia. • The rise of towns and the growth of the merchant class enrich monarchs and make them less dependent on the nobility. • Monarchs want to find trade routes to Asia, by passing Italy and the Muslim states. • The Renaissance promotes a scientific view of the world. • New technologies like the compass and astrolabe make sea exploration possible. VS 1

46. Causes of English Colonization • The wealth Spain acquired from conquering the Aztec and mining gold encourages others to consider creating colonies. • The Protestant Reformation in England leads to the rise of Puritans who are persecuted by the English government, as are Catholics and others who disagree with the Anglican Church. • Puritans, Catholics, and other religious dissenters, such as the Quakers, seek religious freedom by migrating to America. • The growth of trade and the rising demand for English wool leads to landowners evicting peasants so as to raise sheep. Some of the peasants migrate to America to escape poverty and obtain land. VS 2

47. Effects of European Colonization • Europeans explore West Africa; they begin enslaving Africans and forcing them to work on sugarcane plantations. • European explorers land in the Americas, map the eastern coastline, and begin exploring the interior. • Beginning with Cortés, Spanish conquistadors conquer Mexico, Peru, and the Maya people of Central America. VS 3

48. Effects of European Colonization • An exchange of plants, animals, goods, and ideas begins between Europe and the Americas; European diseases devastate Native American populations; American diseases spread to Europe. • Spain establishes colonies in the Caribbean; France establishes colonies along the St. Lawrence River; England establishes colonies along the east coast, from Massachusetts to Georgia. VS 4

49. Effects of European Colonization • Cash crops, such as rice, tobacco, and sugarcane, allow Southern Colonies to flourish; they also lead to the rise of the slave trade. • Triangular trade allows northern American colonies to prosper and leads to the rise of cities along the American East Coast. VS 5

50. VS-End