1 / 18

Balance

Balance. Wael Alasaq PT. Ph.D. PT Department Kuwait University. Balance. What is Balance? Balance involves the regulation of movement of linked body segments over supporting joints & base of support (Mackinnon & Winter 1993) What is postural control?

ross
Download Presentation

Balance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Balance Wael Alasaq PT. Ph.D. PT Department Kuwait University

  2. Balance What is Balance? • Balance involves the regulation of movement of linked body segments over supporting joints & base of support (Mackinnon & Winter 1993) What is postural control? The regulation of the body’s position in space for the dual purposes of stability & orientation. (Shumway-Cook & Woollacott). Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  3. Balance Cont. Postural adjustments have 3 goals: • Support body against gravity & other external forces. • Maintain the center of body mass (CBM) within the base of support (BOS). • To stabilize parts of the body while moving other parts. Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  4. Balance Cont. • How balance is regained (postural adjustments)? • Muscle activation • Segments movement Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  5. Systems participating in postural control are: 1- Sensory System • Vision: Provide information about our orientation to the environment & help in predicting upcoming perturbation. • Somatosensory including joints receptors, muscle proprioceptors, cutaneous, & pressure receptors • Vestibular 2- Musculoskeletal 3- Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  6. It was often referred to postural adjustments as: postural reaction postural reflexes or equilibrium reactions. Old vs. new terms & their effects on ttt Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  7. Biomechanical Description • Balancing during motor action in standing • Balancing during motor action in sitting • Balancing during body transport Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  8. Balancing during motor action in standing • Postural sway: Postural sway • Balance is affected by the task & environment • Postural responses to unexpected perturbation Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  9. Balancing during motor action in setting • BOS • CBM is closer to the BOS • Moving or reaching in setting requires postural adjustments as well. • Lower limb muscles are involved in anticipatory, ongoing and reactive postural adjustments. Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  10. Balancing during motor action in setting Cont. • Trunk muscles act as postural stabilizers, especially when upper limbs are used and for reaching. • When reaching side ways destabilization occurs faster than forward reach. • When feet are unsupported the limits of stability is reached much earlier, such as setting over the side of the bed Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  11. Balancing during body transport • Walking • Standing up & Sitting down Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  12. Walking • Balance is affected by both task & environment. • Control of balance in walking vs. in standing. • Loss of balance may occur due to many factors: Find them in your book Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  13. Standing up & sitting down • The movt. in the sagital plane • Demands control of linear momentum & Muscle activations • Healthy elderly decrease speed of standing up • Falls in these activities are common in elderly Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  14. Standing up & sitting down Cont. • Stroke pts experience difficulties with balance throughout standing. • Muscles which are important in controlling the standing up are…………. & those controlling sitting down are ………. Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  15. Age-related changes • Postural instability in elderly and tendency to fall can be attributed to many factors. Go and find them! • Are @ high risk of pathologies accelerating degeneration in neuromusculoskeletal systems • Biomechanical factors (musculoskeletal flexibility & MM strength) • 30-80 yrs decrease of 40% UL & 30% LL strength Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  16. Age-related changes Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  17. Observational analysis & Guidelines for balance training • In trios read and practice the activities in Carr & Shepard book pp50-71. Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

  18. Functional Tests • Functional reach test • Step Test • TUGT • BBS Wael Alasaq PT.Ph.D

More Related