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Fossil Fuels

Fossil Fuels. Integrated Science Mrs. Brostrom. Energy Resources. Energy resources are natural resources that humans use to generate energy. Fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago.

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Fossil Fuels

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  1. Fossil Fuels Integrated Science Mrs. Brostrom

  2. Energy Resources • Energy resources are natural resources that humans use to generate energy. • Fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago. • Energy is released from fossil fuels when they are burned. • Made up of hydrocarbons

  3. Petroleum • Petroleum is a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds. • Commonly known as crude oil • Separated into different products through refining • Gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, oil More than 40% of the world’s energy comes from petroleum

  4. Natural gas • Natural gas is a gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons. • Used for heating and generating electricity • Coal fired power plant in Bridgeport, CT was just Converted to natural gas • Causes less air pollution that oil does • Very flammable

  5. Coal • Coal is a fossil fuel that formed underground from partially decomposed plant material. • Was once the major source for energy in the US. • Burning coal produces large amounts of air pollution

  6. How do fossil fuels form? • Petroleum and natural gas form mainly from the remains of microscopic sea organisms. • When they die, they settle on the bottom of the ocean and decompose. • As the remains decay, they become buried. • Through physical and chemical changes over millions of years, they become petroleum and gas.

  7. Coal forms underground from decayed swamp plants over millions of years. • Bacteria and fungi change swamp plants into peat (60% carbon). • Sediment buries the peat, which increases temperature and pressure; changes into lignite (70% carbon). • As lignite becomes further buried, T and P continue to increase; becomes bituminous coal (80% carbon). • As bituminous coal becomes more buried, T and P continue to increase; anthracite forms (90% carbon).

  8. Where are fossil fuels found? • Middle East has 33% of the world’s natural gas and 67% of the world’s petroleum supply • Asia, North America, Africa, and Europe have between 4-8% of the world’s petroleum supply • Latin America which contains about 13% of the world’s petroleum supply • Texas is the top petroleum producing state in the U.S. • Natural gas is found in 32 out of the 50 U.S. states

  9. How do we obtain fossil fuels? • Drill oil wells on land and in the ocean • Drill natural gas wells on land • Hydraulic fracturing • Mine coal • Strip mining is when soil and rock are removed so the coal can be extracted • Mountaintop removal

  10. Hydraulic Fracturing

  11. Problems With Fossil Fuels • Methods of obtaining fossil fuels can have negative effects on the environment • Habitat destruction • Oil spills • Pollute groundwater • Lower water table • Accidents endanger human lives

  12. Burning of fossil fuels releases CO2 into the atmosphere • Increase of greenhouse gases • Acid rain • Air pollution; smog is a photochemical haze that forms when sunlight acts on industrial pollutants and burning fossil fuels

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