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Enhancing Migrant Children's Well-Being in Europe: Insights and Perspectives

Explore the challenges and opportunities in studying the well-being of migrant children and youth in Europe. Discusses research gaps, methodological approaches, data sources, and potential future directions.

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Enhancing Migrant Children's Well-Being in Europe: Insights and Perspectives

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  1. Well-Being of Migrant Children and Youth in Europe Some responses to the Comments Kenneth Harttgen Stephan Klasen

  2. Some general issues • Why focus on Europe? • „new“ issue (compared to traditional immigration countries); but can learn from the research there; • large research and data gaps • Beginning of a vibrant debate • Age issue? • Clearly an omission but hard to tackle comprehensively (in a single paper); • Who is covered? • Education migration • Mixed ethnicity • Second generation • Highly skilled • Time dimension (migration process, second generation) • Methodological approach: • Mostly empirical, largely from economics; • Misses many important insights (child development literature, psychology, etc.)

  3. Approaches to Study Effects • Empirical approach • Well-being of children indicators, disaggregated by migration status • Example: UNICEF Report Card 7 • Problems: • Under-theorized • Unclear choice of indicators and evaluation • Which dimensions of well-being really matter • Means versus ends issue • Lack of a dynamic perspective;

  4. UNICEF (2007) Dimension of well-being

  5. Approaches to Study Child Well-Being • Means versus ends issue quite critical, including assessments of trade-offs and win-win situations (e.g. bi-lingual education); • Individual versus household-level indicators, subjective versus objective indcators (particularly important for migrant children); • Capability approach vs. equality of opportunities (capability approach possibly more far-reaching, but e of o. quite appealing) vs. rights-based approaches (e.g. CRC) vs. Social exclusion;

  6. Data and Measurement Issues • Good at everything to do with wages, employment, and education; much less on health, subjective well-being, developmental aspects (esp. linked to migration status and larger data sets); • Some very promising data sets; • Nationality (language and even where born) a difficult and heterogeneous concept (and partly endogenous); • Should we always care about selectivity of migrants? • Yes, if we want to know whether migration ‚paid off‘, or what ‚true‘ remittence effect is; • No, if we want to study migrants and how they fare in host country. • Is endogeneity in case of (dependent) migrant children a problem?

  7. Data Sources: Children, Youth and Migration • European Labour Force Survey (EU LFS) • Young Lives Project • Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) • World Happiness Database • EU Satistics on Income and Living Conditions (Silc) • Child Labour Surveys (ILO) • Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) • Luxembourg Wealth Study (LWS) • Demopgraphic and Health Survey (DHS) • World Value Surveys • Health Behavour in school-aged children (HBSC) • ILO Labor Migration Survey • European Community Household Panel (ECHP) • Pisa Survey • European Social Survey (ESS) Surveys that might serve as prototypes for future survey design and research directions: • German Socio Economic Panel (GSOEP)  combines quantitative and qualitative data (rich information on youth and migration  youth questionniare with subjective well-being) • Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) (Canada) • Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants (LSIC) and National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Canada) • Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA) and Longitudinal Survey of Australien Children (LSAC)

  8. Some interesting Papers • Straight-forward extension of empirical child well-being to migrant children (modeled after UNICEF study); • Straigh-forward extension of empirical migrant assimilation studies to broader well-being issues and ist determinants; • Well-being of migrant children: means versus ends; trade-offs and synergies? • Subjective well-being of migrant children: what is the appropriate reference group? • Education systems and well-being of migrant children: exploiting the heterogeneity in Europe to study their effects; • Child well-being in Europe: does citizenship matter? (or more generally, legal issues of treatment of migrants and their well-being impacts) • Any possibility to generate stylized facts about extreme heterogeneous migrant experience? May cultural discontinuity important here? • Well-being effects of migrant process on children (by age groups?); • Best practise in terms of longitudinal data on migrant children: questionnaires, sampling, dealing with heterogeneity. • How best to track migrants of different types in aggregate and micro data.

  9. Well-being of Migrant Children and Youth in Europe Kenneth Harttgen and Stephan Klasen April 24-26, 2008 Bellagio, Italy

  10. Children and youth affected by migration

  11. Types of International Migration Source: Based on the categorization of international migrants proposed by the the 2000 World Migration Report (IOM 1999, 2000); illustration by the authors.

  12. Dimensions and Indicators of human well-being Source: Narayan et al. (2000).

  13. Risk of children and youth affected by Migration

  14. Well-being Dimensions and Indicators of Migrant Children and Migrant Youth

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