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Traffic Engineering Studies (Parking Studies)

Traffic Engineering Studies (Parking Studies). Chapter 4 Dr. TALEB AL-ROUSAN. Introduction. Traveling vehicles at one time or another will need to park for short or long times. Need for parking spaces is great in areas where land uses include (business, residential, or commercial).

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Traffic Engineering Studies (Parking Studies)

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  1. Traffic Engineering Studies(Parking Studies) Chapter 4 Dr. TALEB AL-ROUSAN

  2. Introduction • Traveling vehicles at one time or another will need to park for short or long times. • Need for parking spaces is great in areas where land uses include (business, residential, or commercial). • “Park-and-Ride” increased the need for parking spaces at transit stations. • In high density areas spaces are very expensive, thus the space provided for automobiles usually has to be divided between their movement and parking. • Parking spaces in CBD are mostly parallel to curb type which reduces the capacity of the streets. • The solution is not simple of course.

  3. Introduction Cont. • For the above reasons parking studies are therefore used to: • Determine the demand for and the supply of parking facilities in an area. • The projection of the demand. • The views of various interest groups on how best to solve the problem. • Types of Parking Facilities: • On-Street parking facilities (curb facilities): • Unrestricted parkings: for free and unlimited duration of parking and parking. • Restricted parkings: if limited to specific times of the day for a max. duration which may or may not be free. (may include handicapped parkings and bus stops or loading bays). • Off-Street parking facilities: • Privately or publicly owned • Includes surface lots and garages • Self or attendant parking.

  4. Definition of Parking Terms • Space-hour: is a unit of parking that defines the use of a single parking space for a period of one hour. • Parking Volume: is the total number of vehicles that park in a study area during a specific length of time, usually a day. • Parking accumulation: is the number of parked vehicles in a study area at any specified time (plot of parking acc. Vs time). • Parking load: is the area under the accumulation curve between two specific times (given as the number of space-hours used during the specified period of time). • Parking duration: is the length of time the vehicle is parked at a parking bay. (average parking durations give an indication of how frequently a parking space becomes available). • Parking turnover: is the rate of use of a parking space (obtained by dividing the parking volume for a specified period by the number of parking spaces).

  5. Methodology of Parking Studies • Inventory of existing parking facilities. • Collection of data on parking accumulation, parking turnover, and parking duration. • Identification of parking generators. • Collection of information on parking demand. Information on related factors, such as financial, legal, and administrative matters, may also be collected.

  6. Inventory of existing parking facilities • Is a detailed listing of the location and all other relevant characteristics of each legal parking facility. • The relevant characteristics are: • Type and number of parking spaces at each parking facility. • Times of operation and limit on duration of parking. • Type of ownership (private or public). • Parking fees and method of collection. • Restriction on use (open or closed to public). • Other restrictions if any (loading and unloading, bus stops,…) • Probable degree of permanency (can the facility be regarded as permanent or is it just a temporary facility). • Should be updated at regular intervals (4 to 5 yrs).

  7. Collection of Parking Data • Accumulation: these data are obtained by checking the amount of parking during regular intervals ( 2-hr basis between 6:00 am and 8:00 pm) on different days of the week. • selection of the times depend on the operation times of land-use activities. • See Figure 4.16 for parking accumulation.

  8. Collection of Parking Data • Turnover and Duration: these data are usually obtained by collecting data on sample of parking spaces in a given block. • This is done by recording the license plate of the vehicle parked on each parking space in the sample at the ends of fixed intervals during the study period. • The length of the fixed interval depends on the maximum permissible duration ( e.g. for max. permissible of 1ht, an interval length of 20 minutes is suitable). • Turnover (T) = (Number of different vehicle parked / Number of parking spaces)

  9. Identification of Parking Generators • This phase involves: • Identifying parking generators: • Shopping centers. • Transit terminal • Etc…. • Locating these parking generators on a map of the study area.

  10. Parking Demand • Information on parking demand is obtained by interviewing drivers at the various parking facilities listed during the inventory. • Interviewing all drivers using the parking on a typical weekday between 8:00 am and 10:00 pm. • Information sought should include: • Trip origin. • Purpose of trip. • Driver destination after parking. • The time of arrival and departure. • Interviews can be carried out also by postcard technique. (usually only about 30 to 50 % returned). • Time and number of cards distributed should be recorded, because this information is required to develop expansion factors, which are used to expand the sample.

  11. Analysis of parking Data • Include summarizing, coding, and interpreting the data so that the relevant information required for decision making cab be obtained. • Relevant information includes: • Number and duration of vehicles legally parked. • Number and duration of vehicles illegally parked. • Space-hours of demand of parking. • Supply of parking facilities. • The analysis required to obtain information on the first two items is straight forward, which involves simple arithmetical and statistical calculations. • Data obtained from these items are then used to determine parking space-hours.

  12. Analysis of parking Data Cont. • The space-hours of demand are obtained by: D = Sum (ni ti)…… i = 1 to N D = space vehicle hours demand for a specified period of time. N = number of classes of parking duration ranges. ni = mid parking duration of the ith class. ti = number of vehicles parked for the ith duration range

  13. Analysis of parking Data Cont. • The space-hours of supply are obtained by: D = f Sum (ti)…… i = 1 to N S = practical number of space-hours supply for a specified period of time. N = number of parking spaces available f = efficiency factor. ti = total length of time in hours when the I th space can be legally parked on during the specific period. • The efficiency factor is used to correct for time lost in each turnover • F= average of 90% for curb parking. • F= average of 85% for surface lots. • F= average of 80% for garagesز • See Example 4.7

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