Presentation Transcript

1. Feed-based Interventions for Improving Livestock Productivity in Sinana District, Bale Highlands, Ethiopia D. Abate, S. Belete, T. Wegi and S. OsmanSinana Agricultural Research Center, Sinana Africa-RISING Quick Feed Project Synthesis Workshop, Addis Ababa, 3-4 September 2012
2. Introduction Importance of livestock Production and productivity Three tools were used in the study FEAST Techfit Value chain Analysis (VCA)
3. Study Site The study was conducted in Sinana district, Bale highlands Altitude: 2200 - 2600 masl Annual rainfall: 750 -1000 mm Average annual max and min Temp: 210c & 90c Three kebeles:Salka (high livestock) Sambitu (lower density) Walta’iBarisa (intermediate)
4. Description of selected kebeles
5. FEAST
6. Characterization of the Farming and Livestock Production Systems and the Potential of Feed-based Interventions for Improving Livestock Productivity in Sinana District, Bale Highlands, Ethiopia Objectives To provide an overview of the farming system To identify the major livestock production problems, opportunities and potential interventions with particular emphasis on livestock feed aspects for improving the production and productivity of livestock
7. Major Findings SelkaKebele
8. Overview of the Production System Farming system Landholding Cropping season Crops grown Fallowing land Irrigation Labor
9. Overview of the Farming System Contribution to income (%)
10. Livestock Production System Livestock sp. (TLU) Purpose Management Housing Veterinary service AI service
11. Feeds and Feeding: Availability Crop residues Cereals and pulses Grazing Roadside & marginal land Aftermath grazing Cultivated fodder crops Naturally occurring and collected feeds Concentrate feeds linseed cake & wheat bran
12. Feeds and Feeding: Seasonality
13. Contribution made by the various feedstuffs to DM (a), CP (b) and ME(c) of the diet
14. Livestock-related Problems in the 3 Kebeles Shortage of feed in quantity and quality Inadequate source of clean water Shortage of grazing pastures Lack of access to AI services
15. Problems, Issues and Opportunities
16. Potential Interventions Farmers trying to conserve and improve crop residues mainly by mixing with industrial by-products Efforts are required to promote on the efficient collection & conservation improve the nutritional value through identification & introduction the best combination of different crop residues (cereal with pulse straws) crop residues with agro-industrial and home produced by-products
17. Potential Interventions Improving the grazing land potentials through over sowing with suitable forages species & awareness creation on proper grazing management Introduce improved forage varieties Awareness creation on utilization of excess feed produced during rainy periods Strengthening the provision of efficient AI services Improving veterinary clinics with adequate manpower, facilities and drugs Strengthening cooperatives & support with resource that makes them to involve in livestock development (sheep fattening)
18. Prioritization of Feed Technologies in Sinana District Using Techfit Purpose Feed is the main constraint affecting production and productivity of livestock Past research and development efforts to address the problem Poor adoption rate by farming community Unnecessary wastage of resource Lack of systematic approach to prioritize suitable technologies for specific area Objective: To prioritize and rank best bet feed technologies for Sinana district using TechFit
19. Methodology Pre-filter of technologies – Based on context relevance (1-6) & impact potential (1-6) scores Prioritization of remaining technologies based on Context attribute scores (1-5) – by farmers Technology attribute scores (1-5) – by experts Score for scope for improvement (1-5) Cost benefit analysis Cost for use of a technology vs benefits accrued from use of the technology (using benefit-cost ratio) If Quotient BCR ≥ 1 the technology is economical If Quotient BCR<1 technology is considered as uneconomical
20. Result and Discussions Pre-filter of technologies From a total of 38 technologies screened, 22 technologies were dropped Unavailability or limited availability of some technologies (e.g. UMMB, poultry litter, enset and banana leaves, etc.) Difficulty of access to inputs (e.g. forage seeds) High price (e.g. machine chopper, complete feed-TMR, etc.) Need for skills and knowledge 16 technologies passed to main filter
21. Technologies Prioritized for the Three Kebeles
22. Cost Benefit Analysis for Prioritized Technologies in terms of BenefitCost Ratio
23. Challenges/limitations Most of prioritized technologies were not fed alone by animals Difficult to estimate total cost and benefits incurred from use of that technology Lessons learned By using Techfit, it is possible to prioritize appropriate feed technologies for specific site within short periods of time
24. Ways Forward Provision of training for farmers to strengthen their knowledge and skill to utilize the prioritized technologies Improvement of farmer’s accessibility to credit/cash and inputs through organizing and strengthening their capacity Awareness creation on saving culture and appropriate utilization of credit/cash Developing well refined methodology for cost benefit analysis
25. Comparison of Techfit and FEAST Findings FEAST identified that feed shortage is the major constraint Suggested solution by farmers Proper utilization of existing feed resource Cultivating improved forage Destocking Techfit results indicate Most prioritized technologies related to crop residue improvement which is in line with the first solution suggested by farmers Fodder trees and use of improved annual legume mixture considered by Techfit which in agreement with the second solution suggested by farmers
26. Comparison of Techfit and FEAST Findings Techfit result also show that supplement with agro-industrial by-products and smart feeding are potential for intervention although these were not suggested by the farmers
27. Analysis of Sheep Value Chain in Sinana district, Bale Highlands Purpose High Potential for sheep production in Bale highlands However, contributes less for smallholder farmers due to:- Widely scattered and non-market oriented production systems Lack of an efficient and effective marketing Limited knowledge and capacity to meet international market standards Objectives To identify major opportunities and constraints that influence sheep value chain To document important elements and modalities of market strategies to develop sheep value chain To suggest key intervention areas for development practitioners and policy action
28. Methodology Both primary and secondary data were used for this study Data was collected through FGD and key informant interview FGD was conducted in two PA and each group contains 14-17 farmers. Experts in different organizations and traders were contacted during KII Data collected through FGD and KII were analyzed using thematic approach. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques.
29. Methodology Both primary and secondary data were used for this study Data was collected through FGD and key informant interview FGD was conducted in two PA and each group contains 14-17 farmers. Experts in different organizations and traders were contacted during KII Data collected through FGD and KII were analyzed using thematic approach. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques.
30. Results and discussion Map of core functions Production Marketing Processing Consumption Input supply Supply of: Feed and water Veterinary services Credit Training Rearing Feeding Watering Housing Breeding Collection Transportation Distribution to (local consumers, hotels, small traders, big traders, export abattoirs….) Slaughtering Chilling Packing Domestic consumption Export to MENA Countries
31. MarketingRoutes Gasara Agarfa Jara 30% 4% 15% Addis Ababa 5% Dambal Ali 14% 7% Modjo 9% 25% 30% 10% 10% 6% 10% Goba Shashamane Robe 8% Dinsho Dodola Adaba 35% 5% Selka 20% Alemgena 3% maliyu 18% Goro
32. Marketing channels Enabling environment Land tenure Rules and Regulation Financial policy 10% 100% Consumers at external market Farmers buy for breeding Local consumers at Addis Ababa Consumption 95% 5% 25% Hotels 30% Export abattoir Processing 70% 5% 65% Local consumers at different towns 15% 10% 1o% 30% 25% Bigtraders Collectors Live animal trading 10% Small traders Retailers 35% 30% 25% Production Small holder farmers Credit/finance Feeds and water Veterinaryservices Market information Extension services Technology Input supply
33. Major Channels Selected Channel -1. sheep slaughtered at Modjo export abattoir Export abattoirs buy un-castrated male sheep weighed above 25kg Exported to MENA countries Price 31birr/kg live weight Among the meat exported 90% is goat meat and the other is lamb. Channel-2 sheep transported to Addis Ababa The major buyers at Addis market are retailers and individual consumers The number of animals flowing this channel increases during the festivals Channel -3 sheep purchased by farmers for breeding Farmers buy sheep to start new sheep production Prefer to buy the animal they know well Channel-4 channel to Hotels Buy intact male and sterile female sheep Buy from collector and small traders
34. Marketing Margins
35. Constraints in Sheep Value Chain Production constrains Shortage of feed in quantity and quality Lack of breed improvement Inadequate veterinary services Lack of know how Limited access to credit Market constraints Lack of sufficient marketing information   Low bargaining power of producers Seasonality of both supply and demand Weak Vertical and horizontal linkages Problem of market promotion and advertising Multiple taxation
36. Constraints in Sheep value chain Processing constraints Shortage of supply Inconsistent supply Poor quality of animals Consumption constraints Seasonality of consumption in domestic and foreign markets
37. Opportunities Suitable agro-ecology for sheep production Increased demand of sheep meat in local and foreign markets Improved road infrastructure connecting zone to different districts and zones High interest of farmers to participate in sheep value chain Establishment of livestock development and Health Agency separately from other bureaus
38. Conclusion Both domestic and foreign market demands fattened non-castrated young sheep, however non-market oriented production by farmers This is mainly due to lack of breed improvement (no breeding ram selection) poor feed and feeding system Lack of know how Poor market linkage and information delivery It is possible to enhance market oriented sheep production through solving the production constraints (e.gHunde grass-root development association experience)
39. Recommendations Organizing farmers towards sheep fattening with necessary inputs Initiating community based selection (sheep breeding) Introduction of better performing breeds Improving veterinary services Practical training of farmers on feed conservation and sheep feeding Establishment of saving and credit cooperatives Creating stakeholder forum for sheep value chain actors as mechanism of market linkage Disseminating sheep market information Strengthen export promotion
40. THANK YOU!