Key Knowledge:

1. Key Knowledge: 1.2: Different measures of health status of Australians, including the meaning of burden of disease, health adjusted life expectancy (HALE) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs), life expectancy, under-five mortality rate, mortality, morbidity, incidence and prevalence

2. Learning Intention: • To understand health status and how it is determined

3. Success Criteria: • To be able to interpret data relating to health status and to know the definitions

4. Health Status is based on averages, so that the point on the continuum is more stable. • Health indicators such as life expectancy, mortality (deaths in the population) and morbidity (levels of ill health in a population or group) are important in measuring the status of groups and populations.

5. Interactions between the dimensions of health…….. • If a person is physically very well, how would that impact their mental health? • If a person had poor social health, how might that impact their mental health? • If someone has good mental health, how might this impact both their physical and social health? • If someone has poor mental health, how might this impact on their physical health? • Explain how the dimensions of health are interrelated………

6. What is Health Status? • Refers to an individual’s or population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors • Health Status can be thought of as a continuum

7. For individual, health status can change rapidly. As the position of an individuals health on a continuum depends on their current circumstances. Achieving a balance between the three dimensions is the key to achieving optimal health.

8. How do we measure health status? • Life expectancy: an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

9. How do we measure health status? • Mortality rates: the number of deaths (usually expressed per 100,000 people, in a 12 month period). Other examples of mortality measures would be: • Under five mortality rates: U5MR • Infant mortality rates: Birth to one year • Maternal mortality ratio: women who are pregnant or in the 42 days after giving birth

10. Measuring Health Status • Morbidity: Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population group. • Burden of Disease: A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the Disability Adjusted Life Year.

11. DALYS • Disability Adjusted Life Year • One DALY is equivalent to one healthy year of life lost due to premature death or living with a disease or disability • Years of life lost due to premature death = YLL • Years of life lost due to Disease or Disability= YLD • DALYS = YLL + YLD

12. HALE • Health Adjusted Life Expectancy • A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

13. Measuring life expectancy YLD YLL HALEDALYS Life expectancy

15. Incidence and prevalence • Incidence: the number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified time, usually 12 months • Prevalence: the total number of people experiencing a condition at a given time