- each group should make a presentation about occupational diseases for each topic - 3 related diseases

2. - each group should make a presentation about occupational diseases for each topic - 3 related diseases - the hazards, mechanism of the disease transmission/infection and prevention

3. Applying Occupational health and safety in several occupational environment and aspect Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine

4. To introduce applicable Occupational health and safety in several occupational environment and aspect

5. Danggur Kondarus, Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja, Litbang Danggur & Partners, 2006,page 71-92 • Levy & Wegman, Occupational Health, Recognizing and Preventing Work Related Disease. Third Edition. Little Broan and Company, Boston / NewYork/Toronto/London,2006. Chapter : 32 • Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, Saunders, 2005. Chapter : 11,12

6. Applying Occupational health and safety in: • Agriculture • Construction site sector • Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air) • Petroleum, gas and mining sector • Industrial sector • Office environment

7. 1. Agriculture • Worldwide, more people work in agriculture than in any other industry • Farm work remains one of the most labor intensive and lowest paid occupation

8. Contact with infected animals • Dermatitis among agricultural workers has been associated with exposure : - a variety of chemical agents including pesticides - sensitivity to plant material such as poison ivy and poison oak - infectious agent

9. Agricultural work is one of the most common forms and the most dangerous form of child labor • Agriculture is considered one of the most hazardous industries for occupational injuries and death

10. Selected Hazards and Health effects in Agriculture

12. 2. Construction workers • Construction workers build, repair, renovate, modify and demolish structure : houses, office building, temples, factories, hospitals, roads, bridges. Tunnels, stadium, airports etc. • Construction work is composed of many different task

13. Construction : • often must be done in extreme heat or cold, in windy, rainy, snowy, or foggy weather, or at night • Intermittent and seasonal work • Episodic employment, frequent change employer • The most dangerous occupations

14. Constructions occupations • Boilermakers • Brick masons • Carpenters • Carpet installer • Cement masons • Construction laborer • Electricians • Insulation workers • Operating engineers • Painters • Paperhanger • Plumber • Roofers • Sheet metal worker • Stonemasons

15. Health hazards in construction • Lead • Noise • Musculoskeletal disorders • Respiratory diseases • Dermatitis • Cancer

16. Lead exposure and lead toxicity are particularly important problem in the construction industry • Excessive lead exposures are associated with several construction task

17. Noise • Construction workers generally have excessive noise exposure and high rates of noise induced hear loss • > 500,000 construction workers are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of noise • Exp. Bulldozer, crane cabs, drill

18. Musculoskeletal Disorders • as work related injuries in construction • Construction workers have a high prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal complaints such as pain, aches, discomfort  back pain due to repeated injury hand discomfort, strain and sprain

19. Respiratory Diseases • Construction workers are exposed to a variety of respiratory hazards  asbestos, silica, synthetic vitreous fibers, cadmium, chromates, formaldehyde, cobalt, metal fumes, dust, pitch, sealers, solvents, wood dust, wood preservatives • Asbestosis, Silicosis, COPD and Asthma

20. Dermatitis • Construction workers are exposed to many chemical that cause irritant or allergic dermatitis • Eg. Cement

21. Cancer : • Construction workers are exposed to many carcinogens • Lung Carcinogens in Construction • Asbestos • Chromium, Cadmium • Welding fume • Coal tar • Wood dust • Silica

22. 3. Transportation Sector (Land, Water and Air) • Transportation sector has a big risk for injury and accident  economic and death • Government regulation for prevention of transportation accident and operational technique • Cause of transportation accident • Consistency in regulation controlling • Un disciplinary of operator in transportation sector • Ignore occupational health and safety program • No Punishment for un disciplinary people • Quality of Human resources • Development of transportation technology • Complexity in transportation problem Consistency in application of transportation regulation

23. Land transportation : most frequently accident • Government regulation : • UU No 13 tahun 1992 : train regulation • UU No 14 tahun 1992 : Traffic regulation • Cars, • Driver • Traffic sign

24. Effect of traffic accident • Fatality killed • Serious injury • Light injury • Cause of traffic accident • Pedestrian, condition of road • Driver (unskilled driver)

25. Cause of water accident • Ships condition • Number of passengers • Overload • Un disciplinary people who work at ships • Cause of air accident • Human error • Aircraft condition and maintenance

26. 4. Petroleum, gas and mining sector • Government regulation • Regulation for : • Worker • Hours of work • under ground : not more than 8,5 hour/day • Temperature >30oC : not more than 6 hours/day • Lot of water : not more than 6 hours/day • UU No 1 tahun 1970 • PP No 19 tahun 1973

27. 5. Industrial sector • Industrial sector has a big risk for occupational accident and occupational disease • Type of accident in industrial sector • Major explosion • Major fire • Hazardous explosive

28. 6. Office environment • Sick building syndrome • Applying Occupational health and safety in office environment  indoor and outdoor safety condition • Building construction • Quality of air • Quality of illumination • Electric and communication : over voltage • Noise control • Display unit • Hygiene and sanitation • Using computer  ergonomic low back pain

29. 7. Travel • Travel associated infectious disease • Travel related disease • Traveler’s diarrhea (Salmonelle, Shigella, E.hystolitica, E coli, viral agents) • Hepatitis A, yellow fever, typhoid fever, cholera, malaria • Travel related infection • Water purification • Water sanitation • Food preparation • Vector control • Recreational activities • Personal hygiene

30. Prevention • Public health authorities  recommended vaccination • Malaria prophylaxis • Antibiotic prophylaxis • General protective  insect repellent • Personal medical kit • Health education • Use light and protective clothing, mosquito netting • Avoid outdoors between dusk • Not to eat or drink contaminated food or water • Avoid uncooked foods • Walking with protected feet

35. Posters that can promote better posture at workplace

36. Technique

40. ANTRAX

41. Age of workers (18-40) Working duration (>20) Smoking Immune response Self Protection Equipment CHEMICAL HAZARDS cotton dust WORKPLACE ventilation Distribution and determinants of diseasesresulting from biological or chemicals

43. Thankyou