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DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION

DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION. TYPES OF POLITICAL REGIME. Democracy Oligarchic Co-optative Liberal (elections with citizen rights) Illiberal (elections w/o citizen rights) Authoritarianism Traditional (“man on horseback”) One-party rule Bureaucratic (B-A regimes) Revolutionary.

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DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION

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  1. DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION

  2. TYPES OF POLITICAL REGIME • Democracy • Oligarchic • Co-optative • Liberal (elections with citizen rights) • Illiberal (elections w/o citizen rights) • Authoritarianism • Traditional (“man on horseback”) • One-party rule • Bureaucratic (B-A regimes) • Revolutionary

  3. CHANGE OVER TIME • Oligarchic Rule and Top-down Reform (1880s-1920s) • Military strongmen • “Oligarchic democracy” • Co-optative democracy • Populism and Dictatorship (1930s-1970s) • Co-optative democracy • Populist alliances/corporatist states • Women and politics • A democratic surge [1940s-70s] • Bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes

  4. CHANGE OVER TIME [cont.] • The Revolutionary Path (1950s-1980s) • “plantation societies” • Cuba, Nicaragua—and others? • A Renewal of Democracies (1980s-present) • “unsolvable problems” • pressure from below • ending of Cold War • absence of ideology • Rise of the “new left”? (1998-present) • Politics of protest/use of ballot box • Chávez v. Lula • prospects?

  5. SOCIAL STRUCTURE • Upper Class: • Urban (industrialists, bankers) • Rural (landowners) • Middle Class: • Urban (merchants, lawyers, etc.) • Rural (small farmers) • Popular/Lower Class: • Urban (workers) • Rural (peasants, campesinos) • National Institutions: • State (including military) • Church • External Sector: • Economic (investors, merchants) • Political (foreign governments)

  6. KEY QUESTIONS • What social groups are present? Or missing? • What kinds of coalitions are in play? On what basis? • What are the lines of social conflict? Vertical or horizontal? Social class or race/ethnicity? • Who has political power? How inclusive is the system? Who is denied access?

  7. COMPARING CASES (i) • Mexico: Revolution of 1910 + dominant-party system • Central America and Caribbean: plantation society, U.S. influence, dictatorship and protest • Cuba: plantation society, socialist revolution, resistance to United States • Question A: Compare Mexican and Cuban revolutions • Question B: Trace colonial legacies in Mexico and Cuba • Question C: Why not more revolution ferment in CA + Caribbean? Given strong resemblance to Cuba?

  8. COMPARING CASES (ii) • Argentina • No peasantry (!) • Alliance: landowners + foreigners + state = oligarchic democracy (1880s-1916), co-optative democracy (1916-30) • Working class + industrialists = multi-class populist coalition, Peronist regime (1930s-1950s) • Class conflict, repression and bureaucratic-authoritarian regime (1960s-1980s) • Resumption of democracy (1983-present)

  9. COMPARING CASES (iii) • Chile • Peasantry (plus rural proletariat) • Upper class: agriculture + finance/industry + mining, allied with foreign investors (1890s-1950s) • Radical politics and horizontal class alliances: workers + peasants vs. landed + industry (1930s-60s) • Salvador Allende government (1970-73) • Volatility in middle-class support (1960s-70s) • Bureaucratic-authoritarian regime (1973-1989) • Restoration of democracy 1990

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