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Engineering Graphics & Design Civil content

Engineering Graphics & Design Civil content. NATIONAL CURRICULUM STATEMENT. Grade 10 – Drawing basic floor plans of dwellings incorporating scale and dimensioning techniques.

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Engineering Graphics & Design Civil content

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  1. Engineering Graphics & Design Civil content

  2. NATIONAL CURRICULUM STATEMENT • Grade 10 – Drawing basic floor plans of dwellings incorporating scale and dimensioning techniques. • Grade 11 – Drawing single-level dwellings including foundation to ceiling using appropriate sections, scale and dimensioning techniques. • Grade 12 – Drawing all aspects of single-level dwellings including foundation to roof, electrical wiring diagrams and plumbing using appropriate sections, scale and dimensioning techniques.

  3. GRADE 10 • Brick and Block sizes • Wall types • Foundation • DPC – Floor • DPC - Wall • Floor slab • Floor plan • Elevations • Fixtures

  4. GRADE 11 • Windows • Doors • DPC (Doors & Windows) • Section of walls • Detailed Elevations

  5. GRADE 12 • Roof / Trusses • Eaves (Open – Close) • Site plan • Plumbing • Drainage • Wiring • Schedule of specifications

  6. EGD - CIVIL GRADE 10

  7. BRICKS AND BLOCKS • A block is defined as any building unit with a length greater than 300mm or a width of more than 130mm, any building unit smaller than this is called a brick.

  8. Brick size

  9. Block sizes

  10. Walls • Walls are divided into different categories according to the purpose of the wall. Seeing as we only expect the pupils to design a one storey house the two most important walls can be divided into the following: a) load bearing walls and b) non loading bearing walls. a) Load bearing walls has a thickness of at least 220mm and mostly used for the shell of the house. These walls will usually carry the weight of the roof. There are two types of walls in this category namely, one brick walls and cavity walls. Cavity walls are mostly used along the coastal areas of the country or where there is high rainfall. The one brick wall is mostly used in drier areas like the interior of the country. The cavity is never less than 50mm and must be free of any cement. b) Non load bearing walls are usually used for the inside of the house to divide the house into rooms. They are also called half brick walls (110mm).

  11. Walls • To strengthen walls we use welded wire mesh (brick force) and wall ties (see drawing). There must be at least 3 wall ties in every square meter of wall. Wire mesh is mostly used to strengthen the wall above doors and windows. The norm is to place wire mesh in between at least two courses above openings. These wall ties and wire mesh must be coated with a anti-rust coating (galvanized or plastic coating). • There are two methods of drawing a wall when it is sectioned. The one method is used when the scale of the drawing is 1:20. In this instance we will indicate the individual bricks. When the scale of the drawing is smaller than 1:20 we will indicate the wall only as outlines.

  12. Walls

  13. Foundations • Foundations must always be in solid ground. The foundation is one of the most important parts of the building. The following guidelines are given: • 1. Foundations may not be thinner than 200mm. • 2. Foundations for half brick (110mm), non load bearing walls may be 400 x 200mm. • 3. One brick (222mm), load bearing wall may be a min size of 600 x 200mm. • 4. Cavity (270mm), load bearing wall may be a min size of 730 x 230mm. • 5. Foundations must be at least 150mm below the natural ground level (NGL) • Foundations are also influenced by the soil structure (sandy, clay & rock).

  14. Foundations • The floor of a house must be done on at least 150mm of compacted hardcore. Hardcore is defined as sand and small stones that will compact to a firm surface. Plant material and bricks must be removed when preparing the ground for compacting. • To prevent moisture and water from seeping through the floor a SANS approved damp proof course (DPC) must be placed below the concrete floor. • Before laying the concrete floor (slab), the cavity in a cavity wall must be filled with a weak mixture of concrete. • The top level of the floor must be at least 250mm above the natural ground level. Take note of where the dpc is placed in the wall above the floor.

  15. Foundations

  16. Foundations

  17. Dimensions and areas of rooms • Minimum area 6 m². • Minimum linear dimension 2,1 m between walls. Habitable room. • Height of ceiling. Minimum 2,4 m. • Passages and bathrooms. Minimum ceiling height 2,1 m. • Minimum floor area of a house 30 m². • Lintel height of windows and doors 2,1 m

  18. Floor plan

  19. Bathroom & Kitchen

  20. Elevations

  21. EGD - CIVIL GRADE 11

  22. Windows • Windows provide light and fresh area to enter a room. There must always be cross ventilation in a room. The only door and window in a room is not allowed to be in the same wall. • Windows are usually placed in such a way that the top of the window and the top of the door is at the same level. • Take note of how dpc is placed around the window to prevent water from entering the house.

  23. Ventilation and illumination • Any room must have a window. • Window size Min 10% of floor area 5% opening including door. • Must have cross ventilation.

  24. Wooden Windows

  25. Wooden Windows

  26. Steel Windows

  27. Doors

  28. Doors

  29. Window

  30. Section

  31. EGD - CIVIL GRAAD 12

  32. ROOF TRUSSES

  33. ROOF TRUSSES

  34. ROOF TRUSSES

  35. ROOF TRUSSES

  36. ROOF TRUSSES

  37. ROOF TRUSSES

  38. ROOF • The last two courses, below the roof truss, in a cavity wall are closed up to strengthen the wall. A 4mm galvanized wire is used to tie down the roof onto the wall plate. This galvanized wire is build into the wall between three and six courses below the wall plate. The wall plate is a piece of wood (114 x 38) placed on the last course of the inside wall. The tie beam of the roof truss rests on this wall plate. • The spacing of the roof trusses depends on the roofing material that will be used. The following is a guideline for the spacing of trusses.

  39. ROOF Trusses – (see resource pack) • Slope Min 15°- max 30° Class A & C (A = Fibre cement. B = Metal plates). • Slope Min 17°- max 35° Class B = Concrete tiles. • Spacing of trusses: 760mm concrete tiles; 1400mm Metal plates • Min pitch • Sheeting material 5° - 22° • Concrete & Clay tiles 17.5° (with underlay)

  40. ROOF • Take note of how the roof truss is secured to the wall in the drawing provided. It is good practice to always place dpc below the battens on the roof truss. The drawings of the construction of roof trusses explain how to draw the different roof trusses. You will note that the tie beam and the rafter are always divided into equal parts. This is only a few of the roof trusses that are available on the market. • Unplaned wood is indicated with two lines drawn diagonally from one corner to the other. Planed wood (PAR) is indicated by drawing freehand annual rings on the wood.

  41. EAVES

  42. Sectional elevation

  43. SEWERAGE • The drainage of a building must always be indicated on the site plan. All the roding eyes (RE) and the inspection eyes (IE) must be shown. A drainage pipe must have a roding eye every 25m. The fall of a drainage pipe must be a minimum of one meter for every sixty meters of pipe (1:60). • Plumbing must be shown on the elevations.

  44. ELECTRICAL • On the plan view the positioning of lights, plugs and switches are indicated. • The position of the main board and the distribution board are also shown in the plan view.

  45. Schedule of specifications • The schedule of specifications is where the draftsman will describe the different materials that will be used in the building proses, eg. Roof type, spacing of trusses, windows to be used, guttering, facias, ect. • The schedule of specifications is usually printed to the side of the drawing page in a specially demarcated block. • The name and contact detail of the draftsman must also be printed at the bottom of this block. • The name of the owner of the property must also be printed. • The street address and plot number of the proposed new dwelling must also be printed on the drawing. • Some municipalities also wants the plot numbers of the neighboring plots to be printed on the site plan.

  46. Plan layout The following information should be drawn on a house plan: • Floor plan – Drawn to a scale of 1:100 or 1:50. • Outside and inside walls. • Door and window openings. • Fixed furniture such as sanitation, washing troughs, cupboards etc. • All dimensions of rooms as well as the overall measurement of the building. • Room descriptions. • Electrical distribution. • Floor levels. • Layout of rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms as well as the positions of wardrobes.

  47. Sectioning drawing • Foundation and floor levels. • Height of walls and position of damp course (DPC). • Roof truss construction and coverage detail. • Natural ground level. • Ceiling height. • Door and window heights.

  48. Elevations • North-; West-; East-; and South elevations • Outside finishing detail of walls • All window and door openings • Gutter and down pipe detail • Plumbing detail

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