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Pivotal Election of 1896. William Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold Speech Fusion Ticket with Demos, Populists. Pivotal Election of 1896. William Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold Speech Fusion Ticket with Demos, Populists William McKinley, Republicans. Why Bryan Lost in 1896.
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Pivotal Election of 1896 • William Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold Speech • Fusion Ticket with Demos, Populists
Pivotal Election of 1896 • William Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold Speech • Fusion Ticket with Demos, Populists • William McKinley, Republicans
Why Bryan Lost in 1896 • Little Appeal to Many Industrial Workers • Little Appeal to Middle Class
Era of Progressive Reform American Politics and Reform, 1900-1920
Middle-Class in 1890s:Sense of Chaos • Big Business and Labor Locked in Violent Conflict
Middle-Class in 1890s:Sense of Chaos • Big Business and Labor Locked in Violent Conflict • Populists Revolting in the Countryside; Radical Ideas Gaining Ground?
Middle-Class in 1890s:Sense of Chaos • Big Business and Labor Locked in Violent Conflict. • Populists Revolting in the Countryside. • Trusts Corrupting Politics
Middle-Class in 1890s:Sense of Chaos • Big Business and Labor Locked in Violent Conflict. • Populists Revolting in the Countryside. • Trusts Corrupting Politics • Immigration Transforming Cities
One Response: Progressivism“A Search For Order” • Broad Reform Movement with Many Strands • Urban, Middle Class • Government Can Solve Problems • Believers in Science, Mass Organization (Big Business Here to Stay???). • Social Justice (Minimum Wage, Shorter Working Hours) • Reforming Democracy
What’s the Point of the Clip? • Progressivism is still important more than a century later! • Progressivism has roots in even earlier notions of the “Public Good.” • Conservatives are distrustful of many types of collectivism
Progressive Response to Immigration: Scope of Immigration • 1890-1920: 18 million immigrants (1910: 13 percent of population foreign born).
Scope of Immigration • 1890-1920: 18 million immigrants (1910: 13 percent of population foreign born. • Shift to Southern, Eastern Europe
Scope of Immigration • 1890-1920: 18 million immigrants (1910: 13% foreign born). • Shift to Southern, Eastern Europe • Role of Big Business
Why was immigration viewed as a problem? • Religious intolerance and racism “The Last Yankee” (1880)
Why was immigration viewed as a problem? • Religious intolerance and racism • Fears of job competition
Why was immigration viewed as a problem? • Religious intolerance and racism • Fears of job competition • Fears of political radicalism
Why was immigration viewed as a problem? • Religious intolerance and racism • Fears of job competition • Fears of political radicalism • Political machines (Film Clip)
Was Boss Tweed a Hero or a Villain? • Hero (Yea!) • Villain (Boo!)
Jane Addams and “Social Justice” Progressives • Addams: college-educated, upper-middle-class background • Frustrated ambitions and strong sense of social obligation • Ellen Gates Starr & Social Gospel • Settlement Home Movement: Hull House (1889) Jane Addams
Activities of Settlement Homes • Housing and classes for immigrants
Activities of Settlement Homes • Housing and classes for immigrants • Legislative reforms: child labor, public playgrounds, protection for women factory workers
Middle-class reformers and working-class immigrants sometimes clashed Prohibition antagonizes immigrants
Middle-class reformers and working-class immigrants sometimes clashed Prohibition antagonizes immigrants Movie Censorship
Middle-class reformers and working-class immigrants sometimes clashed • Prohibition antagonizes immigrants • Movie Censorship • Child Labor Laws and Protective Legislation