1 / 25

Digestion and Absorption of the Food Nutrients

Digestion and Absorption of the Food Nutrients. Chapter 3 Part 3. GI Tract Disorders. Factors influencing GI function Emotional state Intestinal cramping, queasy stomach Exercise - moderate Reduces liver disease Gallstones Constipation Colon cancer. GI Tract Disorders.

sage-cox
Download Presentation

Digestion and Absorption of the Food Nutrients

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Digestion and Absorption of the Food Nutrients Chapter 3 Part 3

  2. GI Tract Disorders • Factors influencing GI function • Emotional state • Intestinal cramping, queasy stomach • Exercise - moderate • Reduces liver disease • Gallstones • Constipation • Colon cancer

  3. GI Tract Disorders • Factors influencing GI function • Exercise – high intensity • GERD • Hiatal hernia • Irritable bowel syndrome • Viral gastroenteritis

  4. GI Tract Disorders • More frequent in women • Common in young athletes • Infrequent in gliding movement sports • Cycling • Serious medical conditions

  5. GI Tract Disorders • Constipation • Defecation habits are different among people. • Difficult or infrequent evacuation • Many causes are possible. • Ignoring normal urges • Muscle spasms • Slows feces movement • Certain medications and supplements • Antacids, calcium, iron

  6. GI Tract Disorders • Constipation • Colonic irrigation is the internal washing of the large intestine and can be hazardous. • Strategies • High-fiber diet • Increased fluids • Exercise regularly. • Respond quickly to the urge to defecate.

  7. GI Tract Disorders • Laxatives • Can work on the intestinal nerve plexus or mucosal surface • Bulk producing laxatives • Bran • Stool softeners • Dulcolax • Hydrating agents • Milk of magnesia • Hyperosmotic agents • Glycerol • Draw water into the large intestine • Regular use can be harmful • Decreases muscle action of large intestine

  8. GI Tract Disorders • Belching and Gas • Strategies • Eat slowly. • Chew thoroughly. • Relax while eating. • Watch bothersome foods. • Hiccups are triggered by eating or drinking too fast.

  9. GI Tract Disorders • Hemorrhoids may be a problem. • Swollen veins of the rectum and anus • Intense pressure and straining • Dietary recommendation: • Fiber and fluid

  10. GI Tract Disorders • Diarrhea: 2009-1.5 million deaths worldwide • Frequent, loose, watery stools • Irritable bowel syndrome or colitis • Infections-bacteria, viruses • Cause excess intestinal secretions

  11. GI Tract Disorders • Types of Diarrhea • Secretory • Increased secretion or reduced absorption of fluids • Cholera (secretes Cl- into intestinal lumen, Na+ follows) • Osmotic • Lactose intolerance, high sugar solutions (particularly during ex.) • Exudative • Crohn’s disease (blood in bowel) • Motility related • Increased motility, diabetic neuropathy • Inflammatory • Infections • Dysentery • Blood in stool, caused by salmonella poisoning, for ex.

  12. GI Tract Disorders • Diverticulosis • Intestinal walls weaken and bulge. The bulging pockets are called diverticula • Diverticulitis • Worsened condition – inflammation • Requires intervention - surgery • Increase fiber intake

  13. GI Tract Disorders • Heartburn • Lower esophageal sphincter – relaxes • Reflux • Painful • Acid from stomach reaches esophagus and irritates lining

  14. GI Tract Disorders • Heartburn and Acid Indigestion • Strategies • Small meals • Liquids between meals • Sit up while eating. • Wait 1 hour after eating before lying down. • Wait 2 hours after eating before exercising. • Refrain from tight-fitting clothing. • Avoid bothersome foods. • Refrain from tobacco use. • Lose weight if overweight.

  15. GI Tract Disorders • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) • Backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. • Exercise exacerbates GERD • > 60% athletes • Worst in weightlifters • Mild in endurance runners

  16. GI Tract Disorders • Antacids and acid controllers may help indigestion. • 4 hr from evening meal to bed • Avoid exercising after eating • Avoid foods that relax sphincter • Chocolate, peppermint, coffee, alcohol, tobacco,

  17. GI Tract Disorders • Irritable Bowel Syndrome • Symptoms • Cramps, bloating, increased frequency, diarrhea, constipation • Causes • Altered intestinal peristalsis • Decrease pain threshold

  18. GI Tract Disorders • Individualized treatment • Elimination diet-dairy, gas-forming foods (cabbage, beans), some fruit-grapes, cherries • high fiber foods • Moderate caffeine, avoid dairy • Low-fat, small, frequent meals • Stress reduction

  19. Choking • Food becomes lodged in the trachea. • The larynx cannot make sounds. • The Heimlich maneuver may need to be used. • Strategies • Small bites • Chew thoroughly. • Don’t talk or laugh with food in the mouth. • Don’t eat when breathing hard.

  20. Ulcers • Peptic ulcer • Area of GI tract eroded by gastric acid, pepsin • Exposes nerves • 15% stomach • 85% duodenal • Diet • Soluble fiber – fruits, vegetables: protective • Refined sugar: increases risk

  21. Ulcers • Treatment • Antibiotics • Helicobacter pylori • Cause of most ulcers • Proton pump (H+) inhibitors • Keep HCL from forming • Antacids • Neutralize stomach acids

  22. Vomiting • Body’s adaptive mechanism • Dehydration is a concern. • May be self-induced as in eating disorders

More Related