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Learn to dissect influential non-fiction texts through the lens of ethos, logos, and pathos. Dive into historical context, analyze proofs, and enhance your persuasive writing skills.
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Rhetorical Analyses Chapter 8 Writing Today
Purpose • To determine how and why texts are influential, or not. • To show why a text was effective or persuasive. • To learn how writers and speakers sway others and how we can be more persuasive ourselves.
NON-FICTION • Historical and present-day documents • Advertisements • Speeches
Basic Organization • Introduction • Explanation of rhetorical concepts • Historical context and summary of text • Analysis of logos-related (reasoning) proofs in subject. • Analysis of pathos-related (emotion) proofs in subject • Conclusion • Introduction • Historical context and summary of the text • Explanation of first rhetorical concept followed by analysis of text • Explanation of second rhetorical concept followed by analysis of text • Explanation of third rhetorical concept followed by analysis of text. • Conclusion
Introduction • Identify the subject of your analysis • State your purpose • Explain why this text was effective or persuasive or • Explain why this text was not effective or persuasive. • State your main point • “This text was (not) persuasive because…” • Give necessary background information on the subject, its author, and the historical context in which it was produced and received • Stress its importance. Why are its rhetorical strategies significant?
Rhetorical Concepts • Logos (Reasoning)-appealing to reader’s common sense, beliefs, or values. • Ethos (Credibility)-using the reputation, experience, and values of the author or an expert to support claims. • Pathos (emotion)-using feelings, desires, or fears to influence readers. • Other-metaphor, narrative, genre, style, and others. There is no need to cover all three of the rhetorical concepts. Instead, concentrate on just one of them.
Logos • If…then • Either…or • Cause and effect • Costs and benefits • Better and worse • Examples • Facts and data • Anecdotes Page 148
Ethos • Personal experience • Personal credentials • Good moral character • Appeal to experts • Identification with the readers • Admission of limitations • Expression of good will • Use of “insider” language Page 148
Pathos Eight basic emotions: joy, acceptance, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, and anticipation. • Promise of gain • Promise of enjoyment • Fear of loss • Fear of pain • Expressions of anger or disgust
Most advertisements will rely on PATHOS because there is not much time available to persuade a customer to buy something. Sunsilk
Historical Context and Summary Historical Context Summary • History of text • Who wrote it? • Who presented it? • Who was the target reader/audience? • Where and when did it appear? • Why was the text produced or written? • 1-5 paragraphs summarizing the content of the text • Highlight main point and most important features • Keep it in your own words • Provide select quotes from the text • DO NOT provide your opinion about the text or message!!! • Give readers and objective overview of the content.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K31dg86OmuM Red Bull Gives You Wings
Analysis of the Text • Interpret the text using the rhetorical concepts you defined earlier in the rhetorical analysis
Conclusion • Keep this part brief. (1-2 paragraphs) • Ultimately, what does your rhetorical analysis reveal about the text you studied? • What does your analysis tell your readers about the rhetorical concept(s) you used to analyze the text? • Why is your explanation of the text or the rhetorical concept(s) important to your readers? • What should your readers look for in the future with this kind of text or this persuasion strategy? • Whichever you choose to answer, ensure that you are making a connection to your main point.
Keep America Beautiful page 145 • http://youtu.be/j7OHG7tHrNM