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African Resistance, Nationalism and Independence. Demands for opportunity and inclusion. not accept the harsh discrimination and the lack of opportunity e ducated Africans believed that "all humans are created equal“ formed organizations to promote their interest. Religious opposition.
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Demands for opportunity and inclusion not accept the harsh discrimination and the lack of opportunity educated Africans believed that "all humans are created equal“ formed organizations to promote their interest
Religious opposition opposition was led by African Christians took seriously the Christian teachings on equality and fairness-values
Economic opposition mine workers in southern Africa and port workers in West and East Africa to organize into unions less organized but more widespread efforts of African farmers to resist colonial demands on their labor and their land
WWII returning soldiers "Why should I give my life to keep Europe and America free, when I am not free in my own country?"
Atlantic Charter (1941) "respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they will wish to see sovereign rights of self-government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them"
Independence of India and Pakistan (1947) example of what was politically possible for their own countries new mass-based political parties were formed in almost every African colony central demand was for political freedom, for end of colonial rule
Nelson Mandela African national Congress (ANC) South Africa under apartheid
Organization of African Unity(African Union) Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) "no African will be free until all Africans are free"