Digital and Space

1. Digital and Space Pages 122 - 131

2. Voice communications, EchoLink and IRLP • Information is transmitted between stations via the Internet using Echolink. • EchoLink allows computer-to-radio linking for voice transmission. • Any licensed amateur radio operator may operate on the Echolink system.

4. Echolinkscreen shot

5. Voice communications, EchoLink and IRLP(cont) • If you hear a brief tone and then a station from Russia calling CQ on a 2-meter repeater you are listening to an Internet linked DX station. • Voice over Internet Protocol is the method used to transfer data by IRLP. • IRLP is a method of linking between two or more amateur stations using the Internet.

6. Voice communications, EchoLink and IRLP(cont) • You might find a list of active nodes using VoIP in a repeater directory or the Internet. • When using a portable transceiver you select a specific IRLP node by using the keypad to transmit the IRLP node numbers. • Echolink and IRLP have in common: Voice over Internet Protocol technology.

7. A typical IRLP Node

8. Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals • Packet Radio is an example of a digital communications method. • Point-to-point digital message forwarding emission mode may be used by a Technician class operator in the 219 - 220 MHz frequency range. • Phase Shift Keying (PSK) • PSK31 is a low-rate data transmission mode that works well in noisy conditions.

9. Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals(cont) • Automatic Position Reporting System (APRS) • A global positioning system receiver is required along with your normal radio for sending automatic location reports. • A standard fast scan color television signal transmission is indicated by the term NTSC.

10. Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals(cont) • Any sending speed at which you can reliably receive is recommended when using Morse code. • A practical reason for being able to copy CW when using repeaters is to recognize a repeater ID sent in Morse code.

11. Non-voice communications - image communications, data, CW, packet, PSK31, Morse code techniques, Q signals(cont) • QRM is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are receiving interference from other stations. • QSY is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are changing frequency.

12. Reminder…. • Echolink uses the Internet • Echolink allows computer-to-radio linking for voice • Any licensed amateur can use Echolink • Echolink & IRLP have VoIP in common • Hear a tone and CQ on 2-meter repeater… • Internet linked DX station

13. Reminder… • VoIP method for data transfer by IRLP • IRLP links two or more stations using the Internet • Active nodes using VoIP listed in repeater directory or on Internet • Select IRLP node with keypad • Standard fast color TV…NTSC

14. Reminder… • Packet Radio is digital communications • 219-220 mHz for Point-to-point digital message forwarding • PSK … Phase Shift Keying • PSK31 low-rate data mode that works well in noisy conditions

15. Reminder…. • APRS … Automatic Position Reporting System • A GPS receiver needed for APRS • Send at speed you can reliably receive • Copy CW to recognize ID sent in Morse code • QRM … receiving interference • QSY … Change frequency

16. Digital and Space • Question and Answer Session

17. T6A03 What name is given to an amateur radio station that is used to connect other amateur stations to the Internet? • A gateway • A repeater • A digipeater • A beacon station

18. T6B06 What does the term IRLP describe? • A method of encrypting data • A method of linking between two or more amateur stations using the Internet • A low powered radio using infra-red frequencies • An international logging program.

19. T6B02 What does the abbreviation IRLP mean? • Internet Radio Linking Project • Internet Relay Language Protocol • International Repeater Linking Project • International Radio Linking Project

20. T6B05 What method is used to transfer data by IRLP? • VHF Packet radio • PSK31 • Voice over Internet protocol • None of these answers are correct

21. T6B11 When using a portable transceiver how do you select a specific IRLP node? • Choose a specific CTCSS tone • Choose the correct DSC tone • Access the repeater autopatch • Use the keypad to transmit the IRLP node numbers

22. T6B10 Where might you find a list of active nodes using VoIP? • The FCC Rulebook • From your local emergency coordinator • A repeater directory or the Internet • The local repeater frequency coordinator

23. T6B07 Which one of the following allows computer-to-radio linking for voice transmission? • Grid modulation • EchoLink • AMTOR • Multiplex

24. T6B03 Who may operate on the Echolink system? • Only club stations • Any licensed amateur radio operator • Technician class licensed amateur radio operators only • Any person, licensed or not, who is registered with the Echolink system

25. T6B01 How is information transmitted between stations using Echolink? • APRS • PSK31 • Internet • Atmospheric ducting

26. T6B08What are you listening to if you hear a brief tone and then a station from Russia calling CQ on a 2-meter repeater? • An ionospheric band opening on VHF • A prohibited transmission • An Internet linked DX station • None of these answers are correct

27. T6C01 Which of the following is an example of a digital communications method? • Single sideband voice • Amateur television • FM voice • Packet radio

28. T5A08What is connected between the transceiver and computer terminal in a packet radio station? • Transmatch • Mixer • Terminal Node Controller • Antenna

29. T5A09 Which of these items is not required for a packet radio station? • Antenna • Transceiver • Power source • Microphone

30. T5A10 What can be used to connect a radio with a computer for data transmission? • Balun • Sound Card • Impedance matcher • Autopatch

31. T6C07 What is PSK31? • A high-rate data transmission mode used to transmit files • A method of reducing noise interference to FM signals • A type of television signal • A low-rate data transmission mode that works well in noisy conditions

32. T6C06 What does the abbreviation PSK mean? • Pulse Shift Keying • Phase Shift Keying • Packet Short Keying • Phased Slide Keying

33. T6C02 What does the term APRS mean? • Automatic Position Reporting System • Associated Public Radio Station • Auto Planning Radio Set-up • Advanced Polar Radio System

34. T6C03 What item is required along with your normal radio for sending automatic location reports? • A connection to the vehicle speedometer • A connection to a WWV receiver • A connection to a broadcast FM sub-carrier receiver • A global positioning system receiver

35. T7B08What is the name of the group that coordinates the building and/or launch of the largest number of amateur radio satellites? • NSA • USOC • AMSAT • FCC

36. T7B05 What is a satellite beacon? • The primary transmit antenna on the satellite • An indicator light that that shows where to point your antenna • A reflective surface on the satellite • A signal that contains information about a satellite

37. T7B06 What should you use to determine when you can access an amateur satellite? • A GPS receiver • A field strength meter • A telescope • A satellite tracking program

38. T7B01 What class of license is required to use amateur satellites? • Only Extra class licensees can use amateur radio satellites • General or higher class licensees who have a satellite operator certification • Only persons who are AMSAT members and who have paid their dues • Any amateur whose license allows them to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency

39. T7B02How much power should you use to transmit when using an amateur satellite? • The maximum power of your transmitter • The minimum amount of power needed to complete the contact • No more than half the rating of your linear amplifier • Never more than 1 watt

40. T7B03 What is something you can do when using an amateur radio satellite? • Listen to the Space Shuttle • Get global positioning information • Make autopatch calls • Talk to amateur radio operators in other countries

41. T7B11 What do the initials LEO tell you about an amateur satellite? • The satellite battery is in Low Energy Operation mode • The satellite is performing a Lunar Ejection Orbit maneuver • The satellite is in a Low Earth Orbit • The satellite uses Light Emitting Optics

42. T7B07 What is Doppler shift? • A change in the satellite orbit • A mode where the satellite receives signals on one band and transmits on another • A change in signal frequency caused by motion through space • A special digital communications mode for some satellites

43. T7B09 What is a satellite sub-band? • A special frequency for talking to submarines • A frequency range limited to Extra Class licensees • A portion of a band where satellite operations are permitted • An obsolete term that has no meaning

44. T7B10 What is the satellite sub-band on 70-CM? • 420 to 450 MHz • 435 to 438 MHz • 440 to 450 MHz • 432 to 433 MHz

45. T7B04 Who may make contact with an astronaut on the International Space Station using amateur radio frequencies? • Only members of amateur radio clubs at NASA facilities • Any amateur with a Technician or higher class license • Only the astronaut's family members who are hams • You cannot talk to the ISS on amateur radio frequencies

46. Digital and Space • This concludes our presentation • 73’s