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Roots of the Russian Revolution

Roots of the Russian Revolution. CA Standard 10.7.1. The Reign of Nicholas II. Conditions Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, hemophiliac son Alexi Nicholas, absolute monarch, naïve to the dissatisfaction in society. The Reign of Nicholas II. Results:

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Roots of the Russian Revolution

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  1. Roots of the Russian Revolution CA Standard 10.7.1

  2. The Reign of Nicholas II • Conditions • Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarina Alexandra, hemophiliac son Alexi • Nicholas, absolute monarch, naïve to the dissatisfaction in society

  3. The Reign of Nicholas II • Results: • Russia under Nicholas politically unstable • Liberals wanted a democratic government • Repressed minorities wanted independence • Peasants wanted land reform; workers wanted better working conditions • Military lost war with Japan in 1904 • Many Russians question the tsar’s system

  4. The 1905 Revolution • Conditions • On Bloody Sunday the tsar’s police killed hundreds of workers marching peacefully in St. Petersburg

  5. The 1905 Revolution • Results: • Revolts and strikes throughout Russia • Radicals organized workers’ councils (soviets) • Tsar concedes democratic powers, in form of legislature called the Duma, then takes those powers back • Tsar’s minister Stolypin attempts land reform and is assassinated

  6. World War I in Russia • Conditions • Russia honors alliances and joins World War I. • Csar Nicholas II takes personal command of the army. • Strange monk, Rasputin, gains power with Csarina back at the court. • Army suffers many military defeats.

  7. World War I in Russia • Results: • Discontent of soldiers, peasants, and workers. • Russia suffers most devastating losses in World War I.

  8. The February Revolution • Conditions: • Women’s march for “bread and peace” turns into widespread revolt. • Representatives of workers, peasants, and soldiers lead revolution from Petrograd Soviet. • The Duma forms the Provisional Government.

  9. The February Revolution • Results: • Csar Nicholas II abdicates (steps down from leadership). • Kerensky leads the Provisional Government.

  10. Lenin & the October Revolution • Conditions: • Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary, leader of the Bolshevik party, sneaks back into Russia. • Lenin protests against Provisional Government: calls for “land, bread, and peace.” • The Red Guard, under Bolshevik control, gains weapons and power. • Provisional Government continues to fight in World War I.

  11. Lenin & the October Revolution • Results: • Russian Revolution, or Great October Revolution, begins October 25, 1917 as Trotsky’s Red Guard seizes most of Petrograd. • Lenin proclaims socialist state, nationalizes all land. • Civil War between “Reds” (Bolsheviks) and “Whites” (anti-Communists) eventually won by Lenin and Bolsheviks in 1922. • In Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918, Russia drops out of World War I and suffers great losses.

  12. The Soviet Union under Lenin • Conditions: • Russia was devastated after World War I and Civil War – lost one half of its population. • By 1922, wages dropped to 1/10 of prewar levels. • Western nations blockaded Russia so nothing could leave or enter. • Lenin concerned new socialist experiment would fail.

  13. The Soviet Union under Lenin • Results: • Lenin described his New Economic Policy (NEP) as “taking one step backward to go two steps forward.” • The NEP helped jump start the economy with small-scale capitalism. • After NEP success, the Communist party introduced measures to bring about a classless society.

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