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2. SKULL & ORBIT see handouts SKULL ORBITAL REGION Fronto-Zygomatic suture – over outer canthus, palpate w/finger tips Superior Orbital Notch – located in sup. orbital rim, (highest point of curve. Supercilliary Ridge – palpated bilaterally @ the most medial aspect of the orbit. Glabella – located on frontal bone. Flattened midline area between (2) ridges, differs from one subject to another. Nasion – ½” below glabella Nasolacrimal Canal – inner cantus of eye, located by pressing lightly when eye is closed. Anterior Nasal Spine – “False Spine” @ acanthion,. Zygomatic Arch – palpate don lateral aspect of head.

3. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL SKULL REGION Mastoid Process – push auricle of ear forward and palpate. Pre-auricular point – on root of Zygomatic arch, verified by feeling faint pulse of the superficial temporal artery over that bone. Head of mandible – palpate by pushing tragus up w/ moving jaw from side to side.

4. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL SKULL REGION MASTOID PROCESS

5. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL LINES AND POINTS OML (radiographic) IOML (Reids) EAM GML Auricular line - @ rt. angles to IOML through EAM Interpupilary Line AML GAL Inion – (EOP) unmistakably found Lambda – 3”in. above inion (meeting of lamboid and Sagittal suture) Inner cantus Outer cantus

6. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL VESSELS: 1. Common carotid artery – behind anterior border of sternomastoid muscle. Runs from SC.jt to level of upper border of thyroid cartilage. (c-4) it divides into internal and external carotids.

7. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL VESSELS: 2. External carotid artery – after bifurcation @tragus divides into maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.

8. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL VESSELS: 3.Maxillary artery – feeds maxilla and facial bones.

9. SKULL & ORBIT SKULL VESSELS: 4. Superficial temporal – feeds the scalp. (ant. & post. brain

10. SKULL & ORBIT VESSELS: 5.Internal carotid artery – runs upward entering skull through carotid canal in temporal bone. Supplies the ant. 2/3 of the brain with blood. It eventually unites w/the opposite int. car. & vertebral art. via the Circle of Willis & basilar art. @ the base of the brain. SKULL

11. SKULL The circle of Willis (also called the cerebral arterial circle or arterial circle of Willis) is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. It is named after Thomas Willis (1621-1673), an Englishphysician.[1]

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13. SKULL 6. Vertebral artery – runs up back of neck through the vertebral foramina in the transverse processes. (C-1 – C-6)

14. SKULL Venous Sinuses of the skull: are channels between the two layers of the dura matter (outer) Dura Matter Venous Sinuses

15. SKULL Venous Sinuses: Blood Drains,→ 1. SSS (Superior Sagittal Sinus) runs from glabella to inion. → 2.Transverse Sinus - @ inion it travels lat. to a pt. opp. the base of the mastoid process.→ 3. Jugular foramen – where blood leaves skull and transverse sinus becomes internal jugular vein►►►► empties into subclavian vein….

16. SKULL FIVE LOBES OF THE BRAIN 1. Frontal – ant. above orbits & nasal cavities, lower border is ½” above fronto-zygomatic suture.

17. SKULL FIVE LOBES OF THE BRAIN 2. Temporal – lower border corresponds approx. to the upper border of Zygoma.

18. SKULL FIVE LOBES OF THE BRAIN 3. Occipital – continuation of temporal lobe runs above Zygomatic arch down to the EOP.

19. SKULL FIVE LOBES OF THE BRAIN 4. Parietal – lies in posterior cranial fossa below level of inion.

20. SKULL FIVE LOBES OF THE BRAIN 5. Insula – lies behind occipital bone “5th Lobe”

21. SKULL FIVE LOBES OF THE BRAIN

22. MAJOR FISSURES OF THE BRAIN Fissures divide the lobes of the brain SKULL 1. Longitudinal Fissure – divide the cerebrum into (2) hemispheres. Separation is complete ant/post., however, the hemispheres are connected by a band of white fibers in the center called the Corpus Callousum. The long. Fissure also contains Falx Cerebri which is an extension of the dura matter. Corpus Callousum Falx Cerebri Longitudinal Fissure

23. MAJOR FISSURES OF THE BRAIN Fissures divide the lobes of the brain SKULL 2. Transverse Fissure – separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

24. MAJOR FISSURES OF THE BRAIN Fissures divide the lobes of the brain SKULL 3. Central Fissure *Rolando Fissure – separates frontal & parietal lobes.

25. MAJOR FISSURES OF THE BRAIN Fissures divide the lobes of the brain SKULL 4. Lateral Fissure *Sylvian Fissure – separates frontal & parietal lobes above & temporal below

26. MAJOR FISSURES OF THE BRAIN Fissures divide the lobes of the brain SKULL 5. Parietal/Occipital Fissure– separates parietal lobes & occipital lobe

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