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PARIS DADA: Publications & Provocations. Some of the Players: Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, Andr é Br e ton, Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, Philippe Soupault, Paul Eluard, Jean Crotti, Louis Aragon, Paul Derm é e. Postwar Paris.
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PARIS DADA:Publications & Provocations Some of the Players: Tristan Tzara, Francis Picabia, André Breton, Marcel Duchamp, Man Ray, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, Philippe Soupault, Paul Eluard, Jean Crotti, Louis Aragon, Paul Dermée
Postwar Paris • Paris was directly threatened in the war. The Germans camew/in 20 miles in the first autumn campaign • In cultural & political life, jingoistic nationalism swept liberalism • the attack on France was seen as an attack on civilization as a whole • the prevailing conservatism tested the position of artists • Many joined the struggle in support of the 'French tradition'. • Defiant radicalism in the arts persisted, Picasso's decision to exhibit Les Demoiselles d'Avignon @ Salon d'Antin of July 1916(belief in the validity of experimentation) • It was through Apollinaire's wide‑ranging contacts that, in late1917, Dada began to filter into this charged situation; young poets cultivated his friendship
Guillaume Apollinaire: poet & critic • Correspondence between Apollinaire & Tzara, 1916 • Then Tzara & Picabia; then Tzara & Breton • Apollinaire’s (at age 38) death on Armistice Day, 1918 • The best-loved poet in France • Year of transition after A’s death • Nord-Sud review given up • Inspired the 3 Musketeers • (Breton, Soupault, & Aragon) • to found the review • Littérature [Antilittérature] • Dada Tzara’s review • 391 Picabia’s review • 3 active organs of Dada in Paris
Paris Dada, 1919-22 • Primarily a literary movement • Poetry & theatre • Frequent manifestos • Demonstrations • Events & happenings (more violent & hysterical than before) • Littérature’s First Friday, 1/23/1920 • Soirée@Salon des Independants 2/5/1920 • Festival Dada May 1920 in Salle Gaveau
Paris dada • Preliminary phase rep’d by painting & writing of Picabia who arrived 3/1919 • Then came Tristan Tzara 1/1920 & his performances were like Zurich Dada • Divisions w/in groups: Picabia, Tzara, & Breton
Picabia: The Cacodylic Eye, 1921 • Greek word kakodes=stinking • Derived from the treatment for his springtime eye infection illustrated in the central disembodied eye • Juxtaposed images of an eye, 5 photos, drawing of the clowns, with signatures & short statements made by his friends • Written throughout 1921 by visitors • New relationship b/w the painting & the spectator who becomes co-creator of the work • Deliberate attack on commercialism: accepted equation b/w the artist’s signature & value of the work (irrespective of its merits) • A canvas on which the valuable signatures excluded the negligible image