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THE PREAMBLE

THE PREAMBLE.

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THE PREAMBLE

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  1. THE PREAMBLE • We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” • Head of the body. States purposes of Constitution. • Not created by sovereign independent nations. • Who were the people?

  2. U. S. Constitution Article IV, Section 1: • States required to give “Full Faith & Credit.” • Section 2: Citizen rights are the same in all states. • Extradition mandated.

  3. Article IV, Section 3 • Only Congress can admit new states. • States cannot alter themselves, such as subdivide or join with other states without Congress OK. • Only Congress can dispose of U. S. property

  4. Article IV, Section 3 • Congress is the state legislature for all protectorate territories. • Citizenship? • Representation rights? A territory elects one to represent it before Congress. Normally cannot vote. • 2007 House restored delegate limited voting rights (amendments only). • What are the U.S. Territories? D.C., Guam, US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Samoa, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, US Minor Outlying Islands. Some 110,000 people live in the U.S. Virgin Islands and 3.9 million in Puerto Rico. More than 306,000 live in the U.S. Pacific territories of Guam, American Samoa and the Northern Marianas.

  5. Article IV, Section 4 • States must have a republic form of government • Ingredients? • Cannot be a monarchy • Often based on a constitution • Representative democracy

  6. Article V • To propose amendments to the U. S. Constitution: • 1). Propose amendments by 2/3 vote in the House (291 of 435), and 2/3 vote in the Senate (67 of 100). • 2). Or when 2/3 (33 of 50) of the state legislatures apply to form a constitutional convention for the purpose of proposing amendments (changing the constitution). • About 700 state applications in history; some efforts nearly meet threshhold

  7. Article V • Who ratifies amendment proposals? What is the role of Congress? • 1). Approval by ¾ (38) of state legislatures (to do this Texas would need to pass a joint resolution by 2/3). • 2). Approval by ¾ (38) of the state conventions. What are they? • While there have been over 11,000 attempts to propose & ratify, only 27 have succeeded.

  8. Article VI • Section 1: • Debts before the Constitution are valid after. • Section 2: • Supremacy clause.

  9. Article VI • Section 3: • “The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution.” State and federal officials, whether legislative, executive, or judicial, must take an oath to uphold and defend the Constitution. Why? • “I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter.” • No religious test can be required as a qualification to any government office. Why?

  10. Article VII • Established the method of ratify the original 7 articles. 9 of the 13 states were required to ratify by conventions. • New Hampshire, the 9th state, ratified 6/21/1788. But was signed officially 9/17/88. • When did our government begin to work? • Elections held Jan/Feb 1789; began 1st session of Congress in April 1789 & President Washington inaugurated April 30, 1789 and is beginning of the United States of America.

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