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Fishy Phylogeny Exploring biomolecular evidence for evolution

Fishy Phylogeny Exploring biomolecular evidence for evolution. Biotechnology II. DNA. RNA. Protein. Trait. Biochemical Similarities. Traits are the result of: Structure Function Proteins determine structure and function DNA codes for proteins that confer traits. Phylogenetic Tree.

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Fishy Phylogeny Exploring biomolecular evidence for evolution

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  1. Fishy Phylogeny Exploring biomolecular evidence for evolution Biotechnology II

  2. DNA RNA Protein Trait Biochemical Similarities • Traits are the result of: • Structure • Function • Proteins determine structure and function • DNA codes for proteins that confer traits

  3. Phylogenetic Tree

  4. Protein Size • Size measured in kilodaltons (kDa) • Dalton = mass of hydrogen molecule = 1.66 x 10 -24 gram • Average amino acid = 110 daltons

  5. Muscle Contains Proteins of Many Sizes ProteinkDaFunction titin 3000 center myosin in sarcomere dystrophin 400 anchoring to plasma membrane filamin 270 cross-link filaments into gel myosin heavy chain 210slide filaments spectrin 265 attach filaments to plasma membrane nebulin 107 regulate actin assembly a-actinin 100 bundle filaments gelosin 90 fragment filaments fimbrin 68 bundle filaments actin42form filaments tropomyosin 35 strengthen filaments myosin light chain 27slide filaments troponin (T, I, C) 30, 19, 17 mediate regulation of contraction thymosin 5 sequester actin monomers

  6. Actin and Myosin • Actin: • 5% of total protein • 20% of vertebrate muscle mass • 375 amino acids = 42 kDa • Forms filaments • Myosin: • Tetramer of two heavy subunits (220 kDa) and two light subunits (20 kDa) • Breaks down ATP for muscle contraction

  7. kDa mm 250 200 150 Size in kDa 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 Distance (mm from well) Molecular Weight Estimation 203 8.5 135 12.0 86 18.5 41 28.0 33 34.0 19 41.5 8 44.5

  8. Molecular Weight Analysis

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