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Stored Grain Insect Management

Stored Grain Insect Management. Doug Johnson Extension Entomologist. General Management Recommendations. Clean the bins thoroughly! Fumigate beneath perforated floors Treat the interior and exterior of bins Control Moisture Control Temperature Monitor Insect Activity. Secondary Feeders.

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Stored Grain Insect Management

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  1. Stored Grain Insect Management Doug Johnson Extension Entomologist

  2. General Management Recommendations • Clean the bins thoroughly! • Fumigate beneath perforated floors • Treat the interior and exterior of bins • Control Moisture • Control Temperature • Monitor Insect Activity

  3. Secondary Feeders Flour Beetles Rusty Grain Beetle

  4. Indian Meal Moth http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_meal_moth

  5. Lesser Grain Borerin Wheat Primary Feeder

  6. Rice WeevilAdult Primary Feeder

  7. Rice Weevil Larva

  8. Number of granary weevils in 80o F wheat at selected intervals starting with 30 insects In a non-limiting environment insect populations increase at an INCREASING rate!

  9. The starting population size makes a difference!

  10. Number of offspring 5 months after 50 pairs of rice weevils placed in wheat % Moisture Temperature AND Moisture

  11. Number of offspring 5 months after 50 pairs of rice weevils placed in wheat % Moisture Temperature

  12. Number of offspring 5 months after 50 pairs of rice weevils placed in wheat % Moisture Moisture

  13. Aeration Controllers

  14. Pre-Filling Pesticides • Application under the perforated floor • Fumigation • Application to the interior walls • Liquid • Dust • Application to the exterior walls

  15. The starting population size makes a difference!

  16. During Filling • Fumigation during filling • Concentration in the bin? • No residual control – are there insects present? Liquid application to the grain stream -Are there insects present? -Insecticides break down rapidly in a hot bin!

  17. Empty Bin Only, May NOT be applied to grain

  18. Insecticides Actellic(Pirimiphos-methyl) (1B) Biobit / Dipel others (Bacillus thuringensis) (11A) Centynal(deltamethrin) (3A) Diacon-D(S-Methoprene) (7A) Insecto(silicon dioxide) Sensat/Contain (Spinosad) (5) StorecideII (deltamethrin(3A)+ chlorprifos-methyl (1B) ) Tempo (cyfluthrin) (3A)

  19. Sanitation, Temperature, Moisture Even if you decide to use insecticides…. these three cultural controls will make your insecticides more effective.

  20. Monitoring

  21. General Recommendations • Clean the bins thoroughly! • Fumigate beneath perforated floors • Treat the interior and exterior of bins • Control Moisture • Control Temperature • Monitor Insect Activity

  22. Sanitation, Sanitation, Sanitation Temperature, Temperature, Temperature Moisture, Moisture, Moisture Aeration, Aeration, Aeration How many times do I need so say it?

  23. If you only remember one thing! Store Clean Dry Grain In Clean Dry Bins

  24. Minimum Exposure Periods for PHOSTOXIN

  25. Notification Requirements • Authorities and On-Site Workers: As required by local regulations, notify the appropriate local officials (fire depart- ment, police department, etc.) of the impending fumigation. Provide to the officials a MSDS and complete label for the product and any other technical information deemed useful. Offer to review this information with the local official(s). • Incidents Involving These Products: Registrants must be informed of any incident involving the use of this product. Please call 1-800-308-4856 or DEGESCH AMERICA, INC. (540) 234-9281/ 1-800-330-2525 so the incident can be reported to Federal and State Authorities. • Theft of Products: Immediately report to the local police department theft of metal phosphide fumigants.

  26. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

  27. DRAEGER ACCURO PUMP

  28. Fumigation Management Plan • Sec. 21 (of label) REQUIRED WRITTEN FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN (FMP). • A FMP must be written PRIOR to all applications. • A FMP must be devised to cover application, exposure period, aeration and disposal of the fumigant,…

  29. Equipment Needed • Man-in-Bin sign placed near the control panel or auger power control. • 2- or 3-inch tape, spray adhesive, and adhesive for polyethylene sheets. • Applicator’s manual and current label. • Sufficient fumigant for the volume of the bin. • Tape measure to calculate volume of grain to be treated. • 2- to 6-mils polyethylene film large enough to cover the grain surface. Attach a rope to the polyethylene film for easy removal after fumigation. • Cotton gloves for handling phosphine-type fumigant — do not handle tablets with bare hands or wet gloves. • All fumigations should be done by at least two people, each equipped with a full set of safety equipment, including chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, etc. • If entrance into the structure is required for fumigating the grain, two licensed people MUST be present.

  30. Equipment Needed • Proper respiratory protection for all personnel involved in the fumigation. Check the fumigant label for specific requirements. • Probes for applying aluminum phosphide tablets. • Safety rope to attach to anyone climbing into a bin, and long enough to extend through the bin access point and strong enough so rescue personnel can drag a victim to the exit if necessary. • Shovels to level grain mass prior to treatment. • Grain thermometer to measure grain temperature prior to treatment at locations throughout the grain mass. • Fumigation placards. • A lock to keep unauthorized personnel out of the building. Be sure everyone is out before attaching the lock. • Monitoring equipment to check gas concentration available from the vendors listed at the end of this guide.

  31. Successful Fumigation Requires hold the gas in a three dimensional structure Similar to filling a balloon with air. Temperature X Concentration X Time Height Length Width

  32. APPLICATOR’S MANUAL FOR PHOSTOXIN® TABLETS AND PELLETS Dosage Range Type of Fumigation Pellets Tablets 1. Vertical Storages (such as 200-900/1000 bu. 40-180/1000 bu. silos, concrete bins, steel 150-700/1000 cu.ft. 30-140/1000 cu.ft. bins, etc.) 2. Farm Bins (Butler Type) 450-900/1000 bu. 90-180/1000 bu. 350-725/1000 cu.ft. 70-145/1000 cu.ft.

  33. Cubic feet to be Fumigated Above the grain mass Below the perforated floor

  34. SEALING THE BIN 1.) Seal all openings in the bin walls 2.) Cover the grain surface with 4mil plastic, secured at the edges --OR-- 3.) Calculate rate for the entire bin, including the unfilled roof cone.

  35. What are we going to do with 300,000 bu. bins? 37,252 Bu 39’ 39’ Phosphine gas penetrates about 25’ Sam McNeil, University of Kentucky

  36. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Wear dry gloves of cotton or other breathable material if contact with Phostoxin® tablets, pellets or dust is likely. Wear a loose fitting long sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes and socks. After fumigation activities, remove all protective clothing, aerate in a well ventilated area then wash thoroughly, separately, before re-use. If Phostoxin® tablets or pellets become trapped inside clothing, remove clothing, wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly, shower and change into clean clothing. If application of fumigant is performed from within the structure to be fumigated, approved respiratory protection against phosphine must be worn during fumigation, by all personnel in the structure (see below).

  37. Distributing the Fumigant Calculate the number of tablets or pellets needed, Deposit them evenly by probing into the grain surface, Probe fumigant in on uniform grid with each probe about four or five feet apart Cover the grain surface with the plastic Attach a line to the plastic to allow removal from outside Depart the bin Seal the bin (lock)

  38. The Fumigation Is Not Complete Until The Bin is Clear of Gas!!! • Unseal the bin • Open vents, remove plastic cover etc. • Operate fans to evacuate residual gas • REMEMBER – you must either have gas detection equipment or assume that there is gas remaining in the bin!

  39. Important Points to Consider • Fumigants are by far the most toxic products you will ever use. • Fumigations should be preformed by TrainedLicensed applicators. • Never fewer than two people. • Phostoxin will explode into fire with direct contact with water.

  40. Common Ideas That Will Not Work • Spraying anything through the fan. • Throwing hands full of pellets across the surface of the grain. • Expecting the gas to move more than 30 ft. without circulation.

  41. Problem Situation: • Late winter early spring • Temperature of grain, usually too low • Pellets/tablets will not “gas off quickly” enough • Will not reach a control concentration • Pellets/tablets will remain in the grain unspent, until warm enough, so the grain will contain detectable / dangerous amounts of phosphine

  42. Problem Situation: Grain remains in a bin that is needed for new crop. • Sell the grain if anyone will take it • Feed the grain to livestock • Fumigate the grain before adding new grain to the bin. • DO NOT store new grain with old grain!

  43. What are we going to do with 300,000 bu. bins? 37,252 Bu 39’ 39’ Phosphine gas penetrates about 25’ Sam McNeil, University of Kentucky

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