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Egypt The Egyptian Empire. Middle Kingdom 2050B.C.-1670B.C. Egypt has suffered greatly because of civil wars Amenemhet I becomes pharaoh Capital city moved to Thebes Conquered Nubia and Syria Conquered people sent tributes: forced payments.
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Middle Kingdom 2050B.C.-1670B.C. • Egypt has suffered greatly because of civil wars • Amenemhet I becomes pharaoh • Capital city moved to Thebes • Conquered Nubia and Syria • Conquered people sent tributes: forced payments As a result, Egypt became rich! Dams and waterways were added as well as more farmland. A canal was Built to connect Nile and Red Sea
The Arts Blossom • Arts, literature, and architecture thrived www.cs.dartmouth.edu Poets wrote tributes to pharaohs Valley of the Kings White Temple at Karnak www.odysseyadventures.ca www.en.wikipedia.org
Rule of the Hyksos • Rulers from western Asia • Hyksos were able to take over because of weak pharaohs • Hyksos ruled for 150 years • Hyksos were more advanced in the art of war • War chariots • Bronze swords and shields • Warlike lifestyle Ahmose: Egyptian leader that drove out the Hyksos and ushered in the New Kingdom.
New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1080 BC • Period when Egypt was at its peak • Rich and powerful • Period of expansion • Full time army created
Hatshepsut • 1st woman ruler recorded in history • Increased trade with other lands • Traded for gold, ivory, ebony and incense Brought great wealth to Egypt Hatshepsut’s funerary temple at Deirel Bahri
Thutmose III • Nephew of Hatshepsut • Expanded empire to its greatest size • Grew rich from trade and tribute • Gold, copper and ivory • Conquered people were used as workforce • Rebuild Thebes • Treated well
Obelisks Favorite monument of New Kingdom pharaohs Usually describes a great action of the pharaoh This is one of Thutmose III’s obelisks
Amenhotep IV or Akhenaton • Remembered for a social and religious revolution • Believed that the priests of Amon Ra were too powerful • Changed the official religion from polytheistic to monotheistic • New god was Aton • Moved capital to Tell el Amarna • Lost most land in western Asia to Hittites Nefertiti
Rule of the Boy King • Tutankhamen (King Tut) • Became pharaoh when 9-10 years old • Insignificant king • Moved capital back to Thebes and the empire back to the worship of Amon Ra • Only important to history because of the finding of his tomb untouched http://www.virtual-egypt.com/newhtml/special/kingtut/ Tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922.
Ramses II • 66 year reign • Last of the effective rulers of Egypt • Regained some land in western Asia • Had 100 children • Major wife was Nefertari • Known as the builder pharaoh • Battled the Hittites • Treaty was reached through marriage
Monuments of Ramses II Ramesseum White Chapel at Karnak Temples at Karnak
Abu Simbel Nefertari’s temple at Abu Simbel http://www.egyptinteractive.com/EgyptTour/AbuSimbel.htm
Why Were Temples Built? • Temples were homes to the gods • Offerings were made daily at the temples • Served as banks • Egyptians worshipped at home
Cleopatra -last pharaoh to rule Egypt -from the Ptolemy dynasty -greek heritage -falls in love with Julius Caesar -falls in love with Marc Antony -tries to break ties with Rome and Octavian
Cleopatra and Antony • Battle at Actium in 31 BC • Cleopatra and Antony are defeated by the Romans • Antony kills himself and upon hearing of his death, Cleopatra takes her own life with the bite of an asp (snake) • Egypt is now part of the Roman Republic
Egypt’s Decline and Fall • Empire began to fall apart • Pharaohs could not keep countries under Egyptian control • Egypt lacked iron ore---had to pay high price to make iron weapons • Egypt was controlled by a series of civilizations • Libyans 900 B.C. • Kush 760 B.C. • Assyrians 670 B.C.
